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APA 7th referencing style

This guide helps you to reference according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition).

Using personal communications

These can include:

  • personal interviews
  • emails
  • letters
  • memos
  • phone conversations
  • text messages

Personal communications are not included in the reference list. They are only added as an in-text citation.

Personal communication

Type Format or example
Elements of the reference Person - initial(s). last name (personal communication, Month Day, Year)
In-text reference

J. T. Lewis (personal communication, May 14, 2018)

(K. Taylor, personal communication, March 17, 2019)
EndNote reference type Add manually to document using above format.