Library Guides: APA 7th referencing style: Author information

One author

In-text reference

Format	(Author last name, Year)
Example	.....finding information (Berkman, 1994) OR Berkman (1994) claimed that …

Format

(Author last name, Year)

Example

.....finding information (Berkman, 1994)

Berkman (1994) claimed that …

Reference List

Format																																																		Author(s) - last name and initials.
Example																																																		Berkman, R. I. (1994). Find it fast: How to uncover expert information. Harper Perrenial.

Two authors

In-text reference

Format	(Author last name & Author last name, Year)
Example	(Kendall & Watson, 2015) Kendall and Watson (2015)

Format

(Author last name & Author last name, Year)

Example

(Kendall & Watson, 2015)

Kendall and Watson (2015)

Reference List

Format																																																		List both author names - last name, initials. Use & between the author names.
Example																																																		Moir, A., & Jessel, D. (1991). Brain sex: The real difference between men and women. Mandarin.

Three to twenty authors

In-text reference

Format	(First author last name et al., Year) First author last name et al. (Year)
Example	(O'Keefe et al., 2016) O'Keefe et al. (2016)

Format

(First author last name et al., Year)

First author last name et al. (Year)

Example

(O'Keefe et al., 2016)

O'Keefe et al. (2016)

Reference List

Format																																																		List all author names - last name, initials.
Example																																																		O'Keefe, J. H., Bell, D. S. H., & Wyne, K. L. (2009). Diabetes essentials. Jones and Bartlett.

21 or more authors

In-text reference

Format	(First author last name et al., Year) First author last name et al. (Year)
Example	(Nath et al., 2019) Nath et al. (2019)

Format

(First author last name et al., Year)

First author last name et al. (Year)

Example

(Nath et al., 2019)

Nath et al. (2019)

Reference List

Format																														Cite the last names & initials of the first 19 authors then follow with a comma and three spaced ellipsis points (. . .), then the last author’s name.
Example																														Nath, A. P., Ritchie, S. C., Grinberg, N. F., Tang, H. H., Huang, Q. Q., Teo, S. M., Ahola-Olli, A. V., Wurtz, P., Havulinna, A. S., Santalahti, K., Pitkanen, N., Lehtimaki, T., Kahonen, M., Lyytikainen, L. P., Raitoharju, E., Seppala, I., Sarin, A. P., Ripatti, S., Palotie, A., . . . Inouye, M. (2019). Multivariate genome-wide association analysis of a cytokine network reveals variants with widespread immune, haematological, and cardiometabolic pleiotropy. American Journal of Human Genetics, 105(6), 1076-1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.10.001

Anonymous designated as author

In-text reference

Format	(Anonymous listed as author name, 1996) Anonymous listed as author name (1996)
Example	(Anonymous, 1996) Anonymous (1996)

Format

(Anonymous listed as author name, 1996)

Anonymous listed as author name (1996)

Example

(Anonymous, 1996)

Anonymous (1996)

Only ever use Anonymous when it is the listed author.

If no author is listed, use the title. See Work with no author(s) or editor(s).

Group authors with known abbreviation

In-text reference

First Use

Subsequent Uses

Format

(Group Name [abbreviation], Year)

Group Name (abbreviation, Year)

(Abbreviation, Year)

Abbreviation (Year)

Example

(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2012)

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW, 2012)

(AIHW, 2012)

AIHW (2012)

Groups as authors include government departments, professional associations, company names, organisations

Groups authors with no abbreviation

In-text reference

Format	(Group Name, 2015) Group Name (2015)
Example	(Tourism Queensland, 2016) Tourism Queensland (2016)

Format

(Group Name, 2015)

Group Name (2015)

Example

(Tourism Queensland, 2016)

Tourism Queensland (2016)

Group authors - 3 or more

In-text reference

Format	With abbreviations: (Group 1 [Group 1 abbreviation], Group 2, Group 3, & Group 4, 2023) - first use. (Group 1 name abbreviation et al., Year) - subsequent uses Group 1 name abbreviation et al. (Year) - narrative citation NOTE: You do not need to abbreviate the name of a group author, but you can if the abbreviation is well known. If several references have the same group author - introduce the abbreviation only once in the text. If you have 2 or more groups that have the same abbreviation - you must spell out the name of the group every time.
Example	(American Medical Association [AMA], American Nurses Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Food Safety and Applied Nurtrition, & Food Safety Inspection Service, 2004) AMA et al. (2004)

Format

With abbreviations:

(Group 1 [Group 1 abbreviation], Group 2, Group 3, & Group 4, 2023) - first use.

(Group 1 name abbreviation et al., Year) - subsequent uses

Group 1 name abbreviation et al. (Year) - narrative citation

NOTE:

You do not need to abbreviate the name of a group author, but you can if the abbreviation is well known.
If several references have the same group author - introduce the abbreviation only once in the text.
If you have 2 or more groups that have the same abbreviation - you must spell out the name of the group every time.

Example

(American Medical Association [AMA], American Nurses Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Food Safety and Applied Nurtrition, & Food Safety Inspection Service, 2004)

AMA et al. (2004)

Reference List

Format	List all the group names in full separated by a comma and an ampersand (, &) before the last group name. NOTE: Do not include an abbreviation for a group author in a reference list
Example	American Medical Association, American Nurses Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, & Food Safety Inspection Service. (2004). Acute Hepatitis A: Patient scenario. https://www.southernnevadahealthdistrict.org/ download/epi/primer-food-hepa.pdf

Format

List all the group names in full separated by a comma and an ampersand (, &) before the last group name.

NOTE: Do not include an abbreviation for a group author in a reference list

Example

American Medical Association, American Nurses Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
        Centers for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, & Food Safety Inspection Service. (2004). Acute
        Hepatitis A: Patient scenario. https://www.southernnevadahealthdistrict.org/
        download/epi/primer-food-hepa.pdf

No author(s) or editor(s)

In-text reference

Format	("First words of article, chapter title" - in title case, Year) "First words of article, chapter title - in title case" (Year) (Title of book, journal - in title case, Year) Title of book, journal - in title case (Year)
Example	("Social Media", 2013) "Social Media" (2013) (Social Media Security, 2014) Social Media Security (2014)

Format

("First words of article, chapter title" - in title case, Year)

"First words of article, chapter title - in title case" (Year)

(Title of book, journal - in title case, Year)

Title of book, journal - in title case (Year)

Example

("Social Media", 2013)

"Social Media" (2013)

(Social Media Security, 2014)

Social Media Security (2014)

Use double quotation marks "....." and title case (capitalise each word) for title of article, chapter or web page with no author.

Italicise title of journal, book, brochure or report with no author. Use title case.

Use title case for in-text references only.

Authors with same last name

In-text reference

Format	(First author - first name initial. last name, Year) First author - first name initial. last name (Year) (First author - first name initial. last name & second author - last name, Year) First author - first name initial. last name and second author - last name (Year)
Example	(J. P. Lewis, 2007) J. P. Lewis (2007) argues that…. (R. Lewis, 2007) R. Lewis (2007) stated that... (S. Lewis & Edwards, 2015) found that ..... S. Lewis and Edwards (2015) found that .....

Format

(First author - first name initial. last name, Year)

First author - first name initial. last name (Year)

(First author - first name initial. last name & second author - last name, Year)

First author - first name initial. last name and second author - last name (Year)

Example

(J. P. Lewis, 2007)

J. P. Lewis (2007) argues that….

(R. Lewis, 2007)

R. Lewis (2007) stated that...

(S. Lewis & Edwards, 2015) found that .....

S. Lewis and Edwards (2015) found that .....

Include each first author’s initial(s) in all citations. Do this for the first author only when there are multiple authors in a single reference.

Initial(s) are included even if year of publication differs.

Three or more authors with same last name & same year

In-text reference

Format	(Author last name, Author last name, Author last name et al., Year) Author last name, Author last name, Author last name et al. (Year) Include first author last name and as many of the subsequent author last names to distinguish them. For remaining authors, replace with et al. If only final author name different, include author name instead of et al.
Example	(Harris, Lewis, Peterson, Kane et al., 2017) (Harris, Lewis, Peterson, Morris et al., 2017)

Format

(Author last name, Author last name, Author last name et al., Year)

Author last name, Author last name, Author last name et al. (Year)

Include first author last name and as many of the subsequent author last names to distinguish them.

For remaining authors, replace with et al.

If only final author name different, include author name instead of et al.

Example

(Harris, Lewis, Peterson, Kane et al., 2017)

(Harris, Lewis, Peterson, Morris et al., 2017)

Authors with same last name and first initial

In-text reference

Format	(Author - full first name last name, Year) Author - full first name last name (Year) has argued that ....
Example	(Jessica Lewis, 2017) Jessica Lewis (2017) has argued that .... (James Lewis, 2014) James Lewis (2014) notes that ....

Format

(Author - full first name last name, Year)

Author - full first name last name (Year) has argued that ....

Example

(Jessica Lewis, 2017)

Jessica Lewis (2017) has argued that ....

(James Lewis, 2014)

James Lewis (2014) notes that ....

Authors included as "with"

In-text reference

Format

(Author last name, Year)

Do not include "with" Author name.

Example

.....finding information (Sternberg, 2004)

Sternberg (2004) claimed that …

Reference List

Format	Author(s) – last name and initial(s), & Author - last name and initial(s) (with Author - last name and initial(s)). Title - italicised. Publisher.
Example	Sternberg, R. J. (with Wilson, J. F.). (2004). Psychology. Thomson/Wadsworth.