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Vancouver (AMA) referencing style

A guide to referencing in the Vancouver (American Medical Association - AMA) style. Includes tips for using EndNote.

Tables, figures, appendices or supplements

Elements of the citation

Title of item. Descriptive information: Full citation for the book or journal article

  • Use this format for a table/figure/appendix/supplement or other component from a book or journal article. For an image from a website see below.
  • Generally, permission from the copyright holder (frequently the publisher) is required to reproduce a component from a book or journal article. Permission is not required for reproduction in university assignments however.
  • When citing an idea AND a table/figure/other component from the same source, cite the journal article/book as one reference, and then the table/figure/other component with a different number in the reference list.
  • Journal articles/books/other sources frequently contain tables/figures/other components reproduced with permission from another source - in this case cite the table/figure/other component from the original source.
Reference list
  1. Radiographs show complete luxation of the elbow in a dog. Figure 11.4 reproduced from: Prasad AH, Pal A, Kinjavdekar P, Pawde AM. Textbook of Veterinary Orthopaedic Surgery. Springer; 2023. Accessed July 23, 2024. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-99-2575-9_11
  2. Magnetic resonance imaging and histologic evaluation show the characteristics of Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease. Figure 1 from: Li M, Hsu J-Y, Xie Y-X, Wu Y-L, Wei J-C. Ankylosing spondylitis with Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease: a case report with literature review. Int J Rheum Dis. 2023;26:383-385. doi:10.1111/1756-185X.14486
  3. Study eligibility criteria: populations, interventions, comparators, outcomes, timing and settings for the review of reviews (PICOTS). Table 1 reproduced from: Gartlehner G, Wagner G, Matyas N, et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorder: review of systematic reviews. BMJ Open. 2017;7(6):e014912. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014912
  4. Five steps of Goldratt's optimized production theory. Table 22.1 from: Duffy CC, Lane-Fall MB. An overview of common improvement methodologies and their background. In: Carol J. Peden CJ, Fleisher LA, Englesbe M, eds. Perioperative Quality Improvement. Elsevier; 2023:126-130. Accessed July 23, 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323833998000223
  5. Quality assessment tables. Supplementary data file from: Alisamir M, Ebrahimi M, Rahim F. Anemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Respir Investig. 2022;60(4):510–21. doi:10.1016/j.resinv.2022.03.006

In-text reference

Referring to a table/figure/other component

...can be clearly seen in radiographs presented by Prasad et al.1

Data from Gartlehner et al3 clearly shows that...

Reproducing a table

Use a footnote to acknowledge credit for reproduction of a table, e.g.:

Table: Characteristics of Included Studiesa  
Study Data point

Study 1

Study 2

Study 3

data

data

data
aReproduced with permission from Duffy and Lane-Fall4  

Reproducing a figure

Acknowledge the original source in the legend/caption of the figure, e.g.:

Reproduced with permission from Springer.1

EndNote reference type

Supported EndNote templates: Journal Article, Electronic Article, Book, Edited Book, Electronic Book, Government Document, Report, Conference Paper, Thesis

  • Add the figure/table/graph name and details to the Caption field as per above format, e.g. "Magnetic resonance imaging and histologic evaluation show the characteristics of Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease. Figure 1". The word "from:" will appear automatically after the text in the reference if this field is active and doesn't need to written into the caption field.

Images

Elements of the citation

Author AA, Author BB. Title of image. Descriptive information. Title of Website. Published Month DD, YYYY. Updated Month DD, YYYY. Accessed Month DD, YYYY. URL

  • Use this format for images found on a website.
  • If there is a credit for the image, use this as your author.  If there is no credit for the image, use the authors of the website if you believe they are responsible for the image. If you are not sure who is responsible for the image, omit the authors and begin with the title of the image.
  • If the "authors" of the site and the name of the site are identical, treat the page as if it has no author and begin with the title of the image.
  • If the image does not have a title, give a description of the image (e.g. Photograph of a boy holding a fish).
  • Images will generally not be updated. Omit the published and updated dates if they're not available.
  • When citing an idea AND an image from the same webpage, cite the webpage as one reference, and then the image with a different number in the reference list.
Reference list
  1. Brain arteries. Image. Servier Medical Art. Accessed July 24, 2024. https://smart.servier.com/smart_image/smart-brain-arteries/
  2. Intravenous injectable hafnium oxide nanocrystal with enhanced radiotherapy efficacy for cancer theranostic. Image. Visuals Online. Published November 15, 2023. Accessed July 24, 2024. https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=13099
  3. Photograph of kinesiotape on a man's shoulders. Image. Petersen Physical Therapy. Accessed July 24, 2024. https://petersenpt.com/what-is-kinesio-tape-and-how-does-it-work

In-text reference

Referring to an image

...can be clearly seen in an image presented by Petersen Physical Therapy.3

Reproducing an image

Acknowledge the original source in the legend/caption of the image e.g.:

Image reproduced from Visuals Online.2
EndNote reference type

Web Page

  • Add image name or descriptive caption of the image to Title field.
  • Add the word "Image" to the Description field.
  • Enter the title of the website in the Place Published field.
  • Enter the URL in the URL field and the access date in the Access Date field, e.g. September 11, 2024 (ignore the Access Year field).