A secondary source/indirect citation is when the ideas of one author are published in another author’s text but you have not read or accessed the original author’s work. Regarding this the AMA Manual of Style says "Authors should always consult the primary source and should never cite a reference that they themselves have not read". Particularly if you are writing an article for publication or a thesis you should adhere to this guidance. If you are writing a less formal document such as an assignment it is always preferable to find and cite the original work, but if that is not possible:
Elements of the citation | Follow the format of the reference in which you found the indirect citation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Reference list - Book |
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In-text reference | Ratcliff1 discusses Newman’s research on processed foods in her work... Harvey et al2 note Chandler's view that... |
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EndNote reference type | Follow the EndNote instructions for the format of the reference in which you found the indirect citation. |