Footnotes are created by the footnote function of the word processing software, which will generate a numbered marker in the text. The footnote markers in the text should be superscript Arabic numerals. Footnotes are numbered consecutively, beginning with 1.
Insert footnotes at the end of the sentence or at the end of a clause, following any punctuation. For example:
There has been considerable debate concerning this question.5
Footnotes can be used for comments as well as for bibliographical references.
Multiple references: several citations or comments can be included in a single footnote, separated by a semi-colon, e.g.
5. A. B. Bosworth, Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 37; J. F. C. Fuller, The Generalship of Alexander the Great (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1981), 105.
Full details must be given in the footnote at the first mention of any work cited. Subsequent citations should be shortened, whenever possible. Do not use the abbreviation op. cit.
12. A. B. Bosworth, Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 37.
18. Bosworth, Conquest and Empire, 83.
The short form of a citation consists of the family name of the author(s) and the main title of the work cited. Titles of four words or fewer are seldom shortened.
The specific page reference follows the bibliographical details, as shown in the above examples. If the work consists of more than one volume, the volume number appears first, followed by a colon, e.g.
7. Manning Clark, A History of Australia (Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press, 1962), 1: 243.
The abbreviation Ibid. (from the Latin “ibidem” meaning “in the same place”) refers to a single work cited in the footnote immediately preceding:
5. Bosworth, Conquest and Empire, 241.
6. Ibid., 258–59.
For a work by more than three authors, the citation in the footnote should give the name of the first author, followed by "et al.", with no intervening comma. See example 7 in the Book section below. The words "et al." are an abbreviation of the Latin "et alii" meaning "and others."
Record the authors’ names exactly as they appear on the work.
When recording titles (whether titles of books, articles, theses or any other medium), capitalise the first and last words of the title and subtitle, and all other major words.