The Academy of Management Journal style is an author-date style designed for articles published in The Academy of Management Journal.
Where the AMJ style guide does not address specific resource types UQ Library will apply the basic elements of the AMJ guideline to address the resource type.
What is referencing?
Referencing is a standardised way of acknowledging the sources of information and ideas that you have used in your document.
Why reference?
Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations, to show that you have researched the topic and to enable readers to follow up what you have written and locate the cited author’s work.
Steps in referencing
Always check with your course coordinator, lecturer or tutor about the bibliographic style preferred for your course.
EndNote Referencing Software
Citations are the in-text identifications of other sources you have referred to in your document. Every work that has a citation in-text needs to have a corresponding reference in the reference list at the end of your document.
In an author-date style, such as the Academy of Management Journal, in-text citations usually require the name of the author(s) and the year of publication in parentheses.
Examples
Page numbers are included in the in-text citation if you have a direct quote, paraphrase a passage or you want to direct the reader to a specific page or pages. Use the following format - (Author(s), Year: Page number(s))
Examples
Two or more works by different authors within the same reference
Order authors alphabetically, separating each author (or group of authors) with a semi-colon.
Example
Several studies (Adams, 1994; Bernstein, 1988; Celias, 2000a, 2000b) support this conclusion.
Multiple works by one author
Designate two or more works by one author (or by an identical group of authors) published in the same year by adding "a," "b," and so forth, after the year. See example above.
If a work has two authors, give both names every time you cite it.
For three through to six authors, give all the names the first time, then use "et al." in subsequent citations.
Examples
For seven or more authors, use "et al." for all citations, including the first. (Note: Ensure that the corresponding reference in the reference list contains all names).
If an article has no author, cite the journal title as author.
Example
For reports, handbooks, and the like, cite the "corporate author" that produced the document.
Example
If you have not seen the original work, but have been made aware of it through another reference (also known as a secondary source), name the original work and provide the citation for the secondary source in both the in-text citation and reference list.
Examples
or
References are your entries in the alphabetical list at the end of your document. This list should include only work you have cited in your assignment.
EndNote Referencing Software
The University of Queensland Library provides access to EndNote which assist in creating reference lists. If you are using EndNote, download the Academy of Management Journal Style from the EndNote Styles page.
AMA. 1994. 1994 American Management Association survey on downsizing and assistance to displaced workers. New York: American Management Association.
Baker, W. E., & Sinkula, J. M. 2005. Environmental marketing strategy and firm performance: Effect on new product performance and market share. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33: 461–475.
Cabinet Office. 2001. Annual report on Japan’s economy and public finance 2000–2001. Tokyo: Government of Japan.
Colby, M. E. 1990. Environmental management in development: The evolution of paradigms. WDP-80. World Bank Discussion Paper. Washington DC: World Bank.
IEEE Computer Society/Association for Computing Machinery: Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula. 2004. Curriculum guidelines for undergraduate degree programs in software engineering. Accessed online http://sites.computer.org/ccse/. Viewed February, 27 2009.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization). 2002. The ISO survey of ISO 9000 and ISO14001certificates. Accessed online https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/survey10thcycle.pdf. Viewed January 25, 2018.
Kumar, V., & Luo, M. 2006. Linking an individual’s brand value to the customer lifetime value: An integrated framework. American Marketing Association Winter Educators’ Conference, Chicago, Proceedings, 17: 152.
Levina, N. 2001. Multi-party information systems development: The challenge of crossboundary collaboration. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Lichtenthaler, U., Ernst, H., & Lichtenthaler, E. 2005. Desorptive capacity: A capability-based perspective on external knowledge exploitation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Honolulu.
Miller, S. C. 1992. Networking: Managing systems with thousands of users. New York Times, September 27: 3–8.
Morrison, A. M., White, R. P., & Van Velsor, E. 1987. Breaking the glass ceiling: Can women reach the top of America’s largest corporations? Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Wilson, J. D. 1996. Capital mobility and environmental standards: Is there a theoretical basis for a race to the bottom? In J. Bhagwati & R. R. Hudec (Eds.), Fair trade and harmonization: Prerequisites for free trade, vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Wouters, K., Tesluk, P. E., & Buyens, D. 2007. Managerial learning from high responsibility assignments: The role of perceived challenge and emotions of pleasant activation. Working paper, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
York, J. G., O’Neil, I., & Sarasvathy, S. D. 2016. Exploring environmental entrepreneurship: Identity coupling, venture goals, and stakeholder incentives. Journal of Management Studies, 53: 695–737.
An appendix, or appendices, can be used to present long but essential material that would otherwise clog up the body of the document, for example, methodological details such as the calculation of measures, or extracts from a survey.
Author(s) of book – Last name, initials. Year of publication. Title of book – bold and italicised. Edition (in brackets), Volume number (if applicable) – vol. (#). Place of publication: Publisher.
Note: For book titles, capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon or long dash.
Reference type | Example |
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In-text example | IMF programs are project-based, with a specified scope usually centred on legal and governmental action (Vreeland, 2003). |
Reference list example | Vreeland, J. R. 2003. The IMF and economic development. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. |
EndNote reference type | Book |
Reference type | Example |
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In-text examples |
Brower and Balch (2005) found … or A decision making pedagogy is an important tool for school leaders (Brower & Balch, 2005). |
Reference list example |
Brower, R. E., & Balch, B. V. 2005. Transformational leadership & decision making in schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. |
EndNote reference type | Book |
Reference type | Example |
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In-text examples |
First citation: … as previously demonstrated (Reid, Parsons, & Green, 1989) Subsequent citations: … (Reid et al., 1989) |
Reference list example |
Reid, D. H., Parsons, M. B., & Green, C. W., 1989. Staff management in human services: Behavioral research and application. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas. |
EndNote reference type | Book |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text examples |
List first author then “et al.” for all citations, including the first citation. (e.g. Green, et al., 2003) |
Reference list example |
Give the names of all the authors in the reference. |
EndNote reference type | Book |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text examples |
… behavioral patterns and organizational processes that warned of impending problems, (Khurana, 2002, 2007) |
Reference list example |
Khurana, R. 2002. Searching for a corporate savior: The irrational quest for charismatic CEOs. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Khurana, R. 2007. From higher aims to hired hands: The social transformation of American business schools and the unfulfilled promise of management as a profession. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Order chronologically in the reference list, earliest listed first. |
EndNote reference type | Book |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example |
Management is defined as … (CCH Macquarie Dictionary, 1993) or CCH Macquarie Dictionary (1993) defines… Cite in the text the first few words of the title and the year. |
Reference list example |
The CCH Macquarie dictionary of business. 1993, North Ryde, NSW: CCH Australia. |
EndNote reference type | Dictionary |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | (Dawkins, 1996a, 1996b) |
Reference list example |
Dawkins, R. 1996a. Climbing Mount Improbable. London: Viking. Dawkins, R. 1996b. River out of Eden. London: Phoenix. Order alphabetically by title in the Reference list |
EndNote reference type | Book |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | Combined assets of market funds…(World Bank,1997) |
Reference list example |
World Bank. 1997. Private capital flows to developing countries: The road to financial integration. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. |
EndNote reference type | Book |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | … some findings (ed. Sjostrand 1993) |
Reference list example |
Sjostrand, S (Ed.). 1993. Institutional change: Theory and empirical findings. Armonk. N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe |
EndNote reference type | Edited book |
Author(s) of chapter – Last name, initials. Year of publication. Title of chapter. In Editors' initials and last names (Eds.), Title of book – bold and italicised, Volume number (if applicable): Page numbers. Place of publication: Publisher.
Note: For book chapter titles, capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon or long dash.
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example |
Discourses are changed through the production, distribution and consumption of texts (Hardy & Phillips, 2004). Use the chapter authors, not the editors of the book. |
Reference list example |
Hardy, C., & Phillips, N. 2004. Discourse and power. In D. Grant, C. Hardy, C. Oswick, & L. Putnam (Eds.), Handbook of organizational discourse: 219– 318. London: Sage |
EndNote Reference Type | Book section |
Reference type | Example |
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In-text example |
... allows for the accumulation of specific experience (Levitt & March, 1988), ... Use the chapter authors, not the editors of the book. |
Reference list example |
Levitt, B., & March, J. G. 1988. Organizational learning. In W. R. Scott & J. F. Short (Eds.), Annual review of sociology, 14: 319–340. Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews. |
EndNote Reference Type | Book section |
Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials. Year of publication. Title of journal article. Title of journal – bold and italicised, Volume number (Issue number if needed – see below): Page numbers.
For journal article titles capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | ... in their extent of institutionalization (Dorado, 2005) ... |
Reference list example |
Dorado, S. 2005. Institutional entrepreneurship, partaking, and convening. Organization Studies, 26: 385– 414. |
EndNote reference type | Journal article |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | (De Meuse & Tornow, 1990) |
Reference list example |
De Meuse, K. P., & Tornow, W. W. 1990. The tie that binds—has become very, very frayed! Human Resource Planning, 13(3): 203–213 Include an issue number only if every issue of the referenced journal begins with a page numbered 1. Look at more than one issue to check. |
EndNote reference type | Journal article |
Reference type | Example |
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In-text example | The majority shareholding enables the family to effectively exercise control over management to prevent misbehaviour (Shleifer & Vishny, 1997). |
Reference list example | Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. 1997. A survey of corporate governance. Journal of Finance, 52: 737–783. |
EndNote reference type | Journal article |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example |
First citation … as long as the data are missing at random (Ployhart, Holtz, & Bliese, 2002) Second citation As previously calculated (Ployhart et al., 2002) |
Reference list example |
Ployhart, R. E., Holtz, B. C., & Bliese, P. D. 2002. Longitudinal data analysis: Applications of random coefficient modeling to leadership research. Leadership Quarterly, 13: 455–486. |
EndNote reference type | Journal article |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-test example |
(First author et al., Year) List first author then "et al." for all citations, including the first citation. |
Reference list example | Give the names of all the authors in the reference. |
EndNote reference type | Journal article |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example |
... (Harvard Business Review, 2003). For an article with no author, cite the journal as author. |
Reference list example |
Harvard Business Review. 2003. How are we doing? 81(4): 3. |
EndNote reference type | Journal article |
Author(s) of paper – family name and initials. Year of publication. Title of paper. Title of published proceedings which may include place held and date(s) – bold and italicised, Place of Publication, Publisher Page number(s).
For conference paper titles capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon.
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | Kumar (2006) emphasized ... |
Reference list example |
Kumar, V., & Luo, M. 2006. Linking an individual’s brand value to the customer lifetime value: An integrated framework. American Marketing Association Winter Educators’ Conference, Chicago, Proceedings, 17: 152. |
EndNote reference type | Conference proceeding |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | Perttula (2003) defined passion for one’s work as “a psychological state characterized by intense positive emotional arousal, internal drive and full engagement.” |
Reference list example |
Perttula, K. M. 2003. The POW factor: Understanding passion for one’s work. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Seattle. |
EndNote reference type | Conference paper |
Print report:
Author(s) of report – (person or organisation). Year of Publication. Title of report –bold and italicised. Report number (if available). Place of publication: Publisher/ Institution.
Online report:
Author(s) of report – (person or organisation). Year of Publication. Title of report –bold and italicised. Report number (if available), Document type (if appropriate). Accessed online URL. Viewed date-in-full (Month Day, Year).
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | Emissions trading schemes… (Garnaut, 2008). |
Reference list example |
Garnaut, R. 2008. Garnaut climate change review: Final report. Port Melbourne, Vic: Cambridge University Press.
|
EndNote reference type | Report |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | ... women throughout the value chain (Coca-Cola, 2017: 14). |
Reference list example |
The Coca-Cola Company. 2017. 2016 sustainability report. Accessed online http://www.coca-colacompany.com/content/dam/journey/us/en/private/fileassets/pdf/2017/2016-sustainability/2016-Sustainability-Report-The-Coca-Cola-Company.pdf. Viewed January 12, 2018.
|
EndNote reference type | Report |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | "... review the quality control framework for the remission of penalties and interest" (Australian National Audit Office, 2017). |
Reference list example |
Australian National Audit Office. 2017. Audits of the Financial Statements of Australian Government Entities for the Period Ended 30 June 2017. ANAO Report No. 24 2017-18. Canberra. Accessed online https://www.anao.gov.au/sites/g/files/net3721/f/ANAO_Report_2017-2018_24.pdf. Viewed November 29, 2017. |
EndNote reference type | Report |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text citation | "Such broad connectivity has ... spawned a whole new era in consumerism" (Euromonitor International, 2017) |
Reference List |
Euromonitor International. 2017. Connected consumers: "Can do" versus "should do" thinking. Passport database, December. Viewed January 25, 2017. |
EndNote | Report |
When referencing a report or similar document from a Library database, do not include the URL. Include the name of the database and the date you accessed it. Ensure that you differentiate between the name of the database and the author or publisher of the information. In the example above, the organisation/corporate author is the publisher, Euromonitor International, who provided the information through the Passport database.
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | ... the Big Five Inventory of John, Donahue and Kentle (1991: 1773) |
Reference list |
John, O.P., Donahue, E.M., & Kentle, R.L. 1991. The Big Five Inventory - Versions 4a and 54. Technical report. Berkeley, CA.: Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California |
EndNote | Report |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | ... (Eggers & Suh, 2015) |
Reference list |
Eggers, J.P. 7 Suh, J.-H. 2015. Experience and behavior: How failures in new and experienced domains affect firm action and subsequent performance. Working paper, New York University. |
EndNote | Report |
Author(s) of article – family name and initials. Year of publication. Title of article, Title of newspaper – bold and italicised, Month Day: Page numbers.
For newspaper article titles capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon.
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | It has become shown (Miller, 1992) ... |
Reference list example |
Miller, S. C. 1992. Networking: Managing systems with thousands of users. New York Times, September 27: 3–8. |
EndNote reference type | Newspaper article |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | ... in the Advertiser (23 October 2001: 10). |
Reference list example |
Advertiser, The. 2001. Federal election: new Chipp in politics. The Advertiser. October 23: 10. |
EndNote reference type | Newspaper article |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | Klan (2008) discusses ... |
Reference list example |
Klan, A. 2008. ASIC swoops on GE debt “harassment.” The Australian, May 22. Accessed online at http:// www.theaustralian.com.au/business/asic-swoopson-gedebt-collectors/story-e6frg8zx-1111116418111. Viewed 2 February, 2008 |
EndNote reference type |
Web page In the URL field manually add Accessed online at [URL] Viewed [DATE] |
AMJ provides advice on how to layout tables and figures for publication only (that is, the author's original data as published in AMJ), and not for citing other authors' tables and figures (as is done in an assignment). Therefore, the following is suggested:
TABLE 1
Health eating pyramid
[TABLE inserted here]
(Author, year, page number)
To present original data in a table or figure, AMJ provides the following advice:
TABLE 1
Title of table
[TABLE inserted here]
Footnotes if required
AMJ recommends checking their journal for examples of how to layout original data in tables and figures. There is more detail on rules for the layout of tables and figures in the AMJ guide.
Author(s) of page – (person or organisation). Year (page created or revised). Title of page – bold and italicised. Description of document (if applicable), Name of the sponsor of the page (if applicable). Accessed online URL. Viewed date-in-full - Month Day, Year.
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | … this agreement (Albanese 2009). |
Reference list example |
Albanese, A. 2009. Fairer compensation for air travellers. Media release, January 29, Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government. Accessed online http://www.minister. infrastructure.gov.au/aa/releases/2009/ January/ AA007_2009.htm. Viewed January 30, 2009. |
EndNote reference type | Webpage |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | The Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs’ website (2009) has details of … |
Reference list example |
Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs. 2009. The Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Canberra. Accessed online http://www. immi.gov.au/. Viewed January 17, 2010. |
EndNote reference type | Webpage |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | … it has been argued that emotional intelligence is a combination of competencies (Bliss n.d.) |
Reference list example |
Bliss, S.E. n.d. The effect of emotional intelligence on a modern organizational leader’s ability to make effective decisions. Accessed online http://eqi.org/ mgtpaper.htm. Viewed February 10, 2008. |
EndNote reference type | Webpage |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | ... introverts may feel threatened (Feintzeig, 2014). |
Reference list example |
Feintzeig, R. 2014. For office introverts, a room of one’s own. Blog post. The Wall Street Journal, June 2. Accessed online http://blogs.wsj.com/atwork/2014/06/02/for-theoffice-introvert-a-room-ofones-own/. Viewed June 8, 2014. |
EndNote reference type | Webpage |
Applying AMJ's advice for electronic sources, the following examples provide advice on how to cite electronic images (that is, found online through websites).
Author(s) of image (person, journal or organisation). Year (if known). Title of image (if known) – bold and italicised. URL.Viewed (date-in-full) - Month Day, Year.
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example |
(Author.Year) (or n.d. if no date on image or webpage) Author can be a human, journal title or corporate (image website). |
Reference list example |
Author. Year. Title (if known). URL. Viewed Month Day,Year Harrison, R. 2019. Flowers.www.flowers.com. Viewed January 30, 2019.
|
EndNote reference type | Webpage |
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example |
If no author add the URL and Year in parenthesis. (www.flowers.com. 2019) |
Reference list example |
If no author can be found it is not required in the reference list. |
EndNote reference type | Webpage |
Author of thesis – family name and initials Year of preparation of thesis. Title of thesis –bold and italicised. Award, Institution issuing degree, Location of institution.
For thesis titles capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon.
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example | Based on Levina’s (2001) theoretical framework for understanding the boundaries involved in IS development ... |
Reference list example |
Levina, N. 2001. Multi-party information systems development: The challenge of cross-boundary collaboration. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. |
EndNote reference type | Thesis |
Information obtained by interview, telephone call, letter or email should be documented in the text, but should NOT be included in the reference list.
Reference type | Example |
---|---|
In-text example |
When interviewed on 15 June 1995, Dr Peter Jones explained that … OR This was later verbally confirmed (P Jones 1995, pers. comm., 15 June). |
Reference list example |
Do not include in the Reference list |
EndNote reference type | Personal communication |