AMJ (Academy of Management Journal) referencing style - Print version

The Academy of Management Journal style is an author-date style designed for articles published in The Academy of Management Journal. 

• Academy of Management Journal Style Guide for Authors

Where the AMJ style guide does not address specific resource types UQ Library will apply the basic elements of the AMJ guideline to address the resource type.

What is referencing?

Referencing is a standardised way of acknowledging the sources of information and ideas that you have used in your document.

Why reference?

Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations, to show that you have researched the topic and to enable readers to follow up what you have written and locate the cited author’s work.

Steps in referencing 

• Keep a record of the full bibliographic details and relevant page numbers of all the sources from which information is taken
• Insert brief citations at the appropriate places in the text of your assignment. These are known as in-text citations
• Compile a reference list at the end of the assignment that includes the full details of all references cited.

Always check with your course coordinator, lecturer or tutor about the bibliographic style preferred for your course. 

EndNote Referencing Software

• The University of Queensland Library provides access to EndNote which assists in creating reference lists. If you are using EndNote, download the Academy of Management Journal Style from the EndNote Output Styles page https://endnote.com/style_download/academy-of-management-journal/

Citations are the in-text identifications of other sources you have referred to in your document. Every work that has a citation in-text needs to have a corresponding reference in the reference list at the end of your document.

In an author-date style, such as the Academy of Management Journal, in-text citations usually require the name of the author(s) and the year of publication in parentheses. 

Examples 

• Name and Year, two authors - Discourses are changed through the production, distribution, and consumption of texts (Hardy & Phillips, 2004).
• Year only – Bourassa (1999) emphasised …

Page numbers are included in the in-text citation if you have a direct quote, paraphrase a passage or you want to direct the reader to a specific page or pages. Use the following format - (Author(s), Year: Page number(s))

Examples

• Single page - Writing a book is “a long and arduous task” (Lee, 1998: 3)  
• Multiple pages - Few scholars have developed theories in which organizations are the primary actors (Stern & Barley, 1996: 148-149).

Two or more works by different authors within the same reference

Order authors alphabetically, separating each author (or group of authors) with a semi-colon.

Example

Several studies (Adams, 1994; Bernstein, 1988; Celias, 2000a, 2000b) support this conclusion.

Multiple works by one author

Designate two or more works by one author (or by an identical group of authors) published in the same year by adding "a," "b," and so forth, after the year. See example above.

If a work has two authors, give both names every time you cite it.

For three through to six authors, give all the names the first time, then use "et al." in subsequent citations.

Examples

• First citation - (Foster, Whittington, Tucker, Horner, Hubbard & Grimm, 2000)
• Subsequent citations - (Foster et al., 2000)

For seven or more authors, use "et al." for all citations, including the first. (Note: Ensure that the corresponding reference in the reference list contains all names).

If an article has no author, cite the journal title as author. 

Example 

• Analysts predicted an increase in service jobs (Wall Street Journal, 1999)

For reports, handbooks, and the like, cite the "corporate author" that produced the document.

Example

• Organisation as author - Analysts predict an increase in service jobs in the U.S. Industrial Outlook (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1992).

If you have not seen the original work, but have been made aware of it through another reference (also known as a secondary source), name the original work and provide the citation for the secondary source in both the in-text citation and reference list.

Examples   

• Organisations are concentrating more on the “attitudinal and behavioural characteristics of employees” (Parker, 1996 as cited by Johnson, 1999: 216). 

or 

• According to Parker (1996 as cited by Johnson, 1999: 216), organisations are concentrating more on the “attitudinal and behavioural characteristics of employees”.

References are your entries in the alphabetical list at the end of your document. This list should include only work you have cited in your assignment.

• References should be listed in alphabetic order by the last name of a sole author, a first author, an editor, or by the name of a corporate author. If an item has no author or editor, it is cited by title, and included in the alphabetical list using the first significant word of the title
• References should include the name of all of the authors in the order in which they appear on the publication. 
• If you have more than one item with the same author, list the items chronologically, starting with the earliest publication. 
• If an author has published more than one publication in the same year, differentiate entries by adding small letters after the years (e.g. 2000a, 2000b). Repeat the author's name for each entry.
• Each reference appears on a new line. 
• There is no numbering of the references. 
• Use single line spacing with a double line of space between references. 
• Each reference should be presented with a hanging indent, that is, indent the second and subsequent lines of the reference by one tab space.  

EndNote Referencing Software

The University of Queensland Library provides access to EndNote which assist in creating reference lists. If you are using EndNote, download the Academy of Management Journal Style from the EndNote Styles page.

AMA. 1994. 1994 American Management Association survey on downsizing and assistance to displaced workers. New York: American Management Association. 

Baker, W. E., & Sinkula, J. M. 2005. Environmental marketing strategy and firm performance: Effect on new product performance and market share. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33: 461–475. 

Cabinet Office. 2001. Annual report on Japan’s economy and public finance 2000–2001. Tokyo: Government of Japan. 

Colby, M. E. 1990. Environmental management in development: The evolution of paradigms. WDP-80. World Bank Discussion Paper. Washington DC: World Bank.

IEEE Computer Society/Association for Computing Machinery: Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula. 2004. Curriculum guidelines for undergraduate degree programs in software engineering. Accessed online http://sites.computer.org/ccse/. Viewed February, 27 2009. 

ISO (International Organization for Standardization). 2002. The ISO survey of ISO 9000 and ISO14001certificates. Accessed online https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/survey10thcycle.pdf. Viewed January 25, 2018. 

Kumar, V., & Luo, M. 2006. Linking an individual’s brand value to the customer lifetime value: An integrated framework. American Marketing Association Winter Educators’ Conference, Chicago, Proceedings, 17: 152. 

Levina, N. 2001. Multi-party information systems development: The challenge of crossboundary collaboration. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. 

Lichtenthaler, U., Ernst, H., & Lichtenthaler, E. 2005. Desorptive capacity: A capability-based perspective on external knowledge exploitation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Honolulu. 

Miller, S. C. 1992. Networking: Managing systems with thousands of users. New York Times, September 27: 3–8. 

Morrison, A. M., White, R. P., & Van Velsor, E. 1987. Breaking the glass ceiling: Can women reach the top of America’s largest corporations? Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. 

Wilson, J. D. 1996. Capital mobility and environmental standards: Is there a theoretical basis for a race to the bottom? In J. Bhagwati & R. R. Hudec (Eds.), Fair trade and harmonization: Prerequisites for free trade, vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 

Wouters, K., Tesluk, P. E., & Buyens, D. 2007. Managerial learning from high responsibility assignments: The role of perceived challenge and emotions of pleasant activation. Working paper, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD. 

York, J. G., O’Neil, I., & Sarasvathy, S. D. 2016. Exploring environmental entrepreneurship: Identity coupling, venture goals, and stakeholder incentives. Journal of Management Studies, 53: 695–737.

An appendix, or appendices, can be used to present long but essential material that would otherwise clog up the body of the document, for example, methodological details such as the calculation of measures, or extracts from a survey.

• Be concise. Only include that detail which is essential to supporting the purpose of the document. 
• Label appendices "APPENDIX A," "APPENDIX B," and so forth.
• Label tables within appendices "Table A1," "Table B1" and so forth

Author(s) of book – Last name, initials. Year of publication. Title of book – bold and italicised. Edition (in brackets), Volume number (if applicable) – vol. (#). Place of publication: Publisher.

Note: For book titles, capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon or long dash.

Author(s) of chapter – Last name, initials. Year of publication. Title of chapter. In Editors' initials and last names (Eds.), Title of book – bold and italicised, Volume number (if applicable): Page numbers. Place of publication: Publisher.

Note: For book chapter titles, capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon or long dash.

Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials. Year of publication. Title of journal article. Title of journal – bold and italicised, Volume number (Issue number if needed – see below): Page numbers. 

For journal article titles capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon

Author(s) of paper – family name and initials. Year of publication. Title of paper. Title of published proceedings which may include place held and date(s) – bold and italicised, Place of Publication, Publisher Page number(s).

For conference paper titles capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon.

Print report:

Author(s) of report – (person or organisation). Year of Publication. Title of report –bold and italicised. Report number (if available). Place of publication: Publisher/ Institution.

Online report:

Author(s) of report – (person or organisation). Year of Publication. Title of report –bold and italicised. Report number (if available), Document type (if appropriate). Accessed online URL. Viewed date-in-full (Month Day, Year).

When referencing a report or similar document from a Library database, do not include the URL. Include the name of the database and the date you accessed it. Ensure that you differentiate between the name of the database and the author or publisher of the information. In the example above, the organisation/corporate author is the publisher, Euromonitor International, who provided the information through the Passport database. 

Author(s) of article – family name and initials. Year of publication. Title of article, Title of newspaper – bold and italicised, Month Day: Page numbers.

For newspaper article titles capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon.

AMJ provides advice on how to layout tables and figures for publication only (that is, the author's original data as published in AMJ), and not for citing other authors' tables and figures (as is done in an assignment).  Therefore, the following is suggested:

• For the bibliography refer to the source type from which the table/figure is sourced.  Is it from a journal article, a book, a newspaper, etc?
• Apply the rules for in-text citations. Treat the citing of figures and tables as a direct quote requiring a page number.
• Apply the layout style as for original data in tables and figures (see Tables and figures - original data below)
  • centred, capitals for TABLE, (Author, year, page number). Example:

TABLE 1

Health eating pyramid

[TABLE inserted here]

(Author, year, page number)

To present original data in a table or figure, AMJ provides the following advice:

TABLE 1

Title of table

[TABLE inserted here]

Footnotes if required

• The table or figure should be centred with TABLE or FIGURE in capitals. 
• A footnote can be included if required to explain certain data. 
• Each table or figure requires an introductory sentence in your text. 

AMJ recommends checking their journal for examples of how to layout original data in tables and figures.  There is more detail on rules for the layout of tables and figures in the AMJ guide.

Author(s) of page – (person or organisation). Year (page created or revised). Title of page – bold and italicised. Description of document (if applicable), Name of the sponsor of the page (if applicable). Accessed online URL. Viewed date-in-full - Month Day, Year.

Applying AMJ's advice for electronic sources, the following examples provide advice on how to cite electronic  images (that is, found online through websites).

Author(s) of image (person, journal or organisation). Year (if known). Title of image (if known) – bold and italicised. URL.Viewed (date-in-full) - Month Day, Year.

Author of thesis – family name and initials Year of preparation of thesis. Title of thesis –bold and italicised. Award, Institution issuing degree, Location of institution.

For thesis titles capitalise only the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon.

Information obtained by interview, telephone call, letter or email should be documented in the text, but should NOT be included in the reference list.