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Chicago 17th edition author-date

Author-date for the Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition

Citing personal communication

Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.

In a parenthetical citation, the terms personal communication (or pers. comm.), unpublished data, and the like may be used after the name(s) of the person(s) concerned, following a comma. If the medium is important and not mentioned in the text, it may be incorporated into the parenthetical reference.

Personal communication

Elements of citation

Originator of the communication --  Medium -- Date

In-text citation

(Brenda Hasbrouck, text message to author, May 5, 2017)

Reference list

 

Endnote reference type Not recommended