Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text or in a note only; they are rarely included in a bibliography. Most such information can be referred to simply as a conversation, message, or the like; the medium may be mentioned if relevant (14.111).
For acknowledging oral sources of indigenous knowledge, see 14.136.
| Type | Format |
|---|---|
| Elements of citation |
Originator of the communication -- Medium -- Date |
| Footnote |
18. Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, 1 August, 2017. |
| Bibliography | No included |
| EndNote reference type |
As Chicago recommends for citations to be limited to the text, the personal communication reference type does not automatically display in EndNote. In the output styles template for Chicago 18th, the reference type will need to be activated and designed. |