Evaluate information you find
You have found information on your topic and now you need to evaluate whether it is appropriate to use for your assignment or research.
Critically evaluating information resources is an essential skill for students undertaking academic research. This page provides some starting points for evaluating and assessing the information you have found. The techniques apply to both internet resources and more traditional formats such as journals, newspapers, magazines and books.
Watch the video or use the evaluation tables to check the reliability and usefulness of your resource.
Video on evaluating information sources
Check the information is reliable and useful
Use this table to check if the information is suitable for your assignment or research.
| Points to consider | LEAST likely to be reliable | May be reliable | MOST likely to be reliable |
|---|---|---|---|
| Where did you find the information? | On the web e.g. via Google, social media | Library Search | Library Search or database with peer reviewed or scholarly filter |
| Who is the author? (individual, organisation, association) | No author details are provided | The author’s qualifications, credentials or professional affiliations are given; contact information is available | My lecturer has recommended this author |
| Intended audience | Biased towards particular groups | General public | Academics or scholars |
| Purpose | Designed to sell something; present one viewpoint; written on behalf of a religious or political group | Reports on research | Presents research findings |
| Depth of coverage | Superficial overview | Evidence of analysis | A systematic and rigorous discussion and analysis |
| Accuracy | Spelling or grammatical errors; obvious omissions | Facts and figures supported by evidence | Peer reviewed or refereed |
| Writing style | Inflammatory or sensational; low level or inappropriate for your discipline | Organised logically and clearly presented | Organised logically and clearly presented; language used may require some subject knowledge to understand |
| Relevance | Too basic or too advanced | Relates to aspects of my topic e.g. location, group or focus | Focus on my topic is appropriate for my needs; meets the marking criteria for my assessment |
| How up to date is it?1 | No date information available; published or updated more than 5 years ago; newer editions or revisions exist | Published or updated in the last 5 years | Published or updated recently; published in the time frame my lecturer requires |
| Does it have a bibliography or reference list? | No reference list; references are out-of-date; or the references are not scholarly or reliable | A reference list of recognisably reliable sources is provided e.g. Australian Bureau of Statistics | In-text references and reference list or bibliography of scholarly sources (journal articles, books, conference papers) is provided |
| Who published it? | Unknown | A reputable publisher | An academic publisher which uses a peer review process (Check the publisher’s website) |
1. The importance of timeliness depends on your subject area e.g. Health or medicine requires current information; literature or art may not.
Extra indicators to consider for websites
| Points to consider: | LEAST likely to be reliable | May be reliable | MOST likely to be reliable |
|---|---|---|---|
|
What kind of website is it? Look at the URL or address |
.com is a commercial site | .net is a private business or association (Check the About us information on the site) | .edu or .ac is an educational institution; .gov is a government site; .org is an organisation (Not all .org sites are the official sites. Check the About us information on the site) |
| Is the website maintained? | Last updated date is old; many broken links | Updated in the last 5 years; most links work | Last updated information is recent; all the links work |
| Layout of the website | Amateurish | User-friendly | User-friendly and professional |
|
What country does the site originate from?2 |
Website originates from a country that will not be relevant for my topic | Country may have some relevance to my topic | Based in a country that will be relevant to my topic |
2. This may affect the relevancy of the information, depending on your topic. Check the URL or address for the country code, such as .fr for France, .au for Australia. Check this list of country codes.
Citing information
You must cite any information sources you use correctly to avoid unintentional plagiarism.
Our Referencing style guides provides information on how to do this.