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This guide was updated on October 29, 2019.
The Vancouver style of referencing is predominantly used in the medical field.
Before you write your list of references, check with your lecturer or tutor for the referencing style preferred by the school. There may be differences in the style recommended by the school.
What is referencing?
Referencing is a standardised way of acknowledging the sources of information and ideas that you have used in your assignments and which allows the sources to be identified. It is important to be consistent when you are referencing.
Why reference?
Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up what you have written and more fully understand the cited author’s work.
Steps in referencing:
Please download the EndNote referencing style - Vancouver style for UQ from the UQ EndNote Output styles page to format references according to this guide.
This style will appear with the name Vancouver Superior (1) in the Style box of EndNote and Word.
The styles Vancouver and Sage Vancouver that come automatically with EndNote will create references that will vary slightly from this guide.
Reference list:
Bibliography:
Spacing between references in a reference list or bibliography:
Authors/Editors
Multiple authors
In text citation - when authors names used:
No author
Corporation/Organisation as author
Enter the organisation name in full eg. World Health Organization
The copyright date is identified by the symbol ©, the letter "c" or the word copyright before the date.
If no publication date can be found use the copyright date. Precede the copyright date with the letter "c" eg. c2017
If a publication has a publication date and a copyright date:
URL's should be entered as they appear on the website.
Do not put a full stop after a URL unless it ends on a forward slash - /, or it is followed by the DOI number.
In EndNote add the full stop after the URL in the URL field only if it ends in a forward slash.
Place of Publication
Multiple places of publication
If more than one place of publication is given, use the first one or the one set in the largest type or in bold.
Do not give multiple places.
Reference List:
Begin page numbers with a "p." followed by a space.
Do not repeat page numbers unless followed by a letter.
Include a letter when it precedes a page number (S for Supplement or A for Appendix)
Roman numerals
1. Cheers B, Darracott R, Lonne B. Social care practice in rural communities. Sydney: The Federation
Press ; 2007.
2. Hofmeyr GJ, Neilson JP, Alfirevic Z, Crowther CA, Gulmezoglu AM, Hodnett ED et al. A Cochrane
pocketbook: Pregnancy and childbirth. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons; 2008
3. Murtagh J. John Murtagh’s General practice. 4th ed. Sydney: McGraw‐Hill Australia; 2007.
4. Darwin C. On the origin of species by means of natural selection or the preservation of favoured races
in the struggle for life [Internet]. London: John Murray; 1859. Chapter 5, Laws of variation.
[cited 2010 Apr 22]. Available from: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/origin/chapter5.html
5. Australian medicines handbook online [Internet]. Adelaide (S. Australia): Australian Medicines
Handbook Pty Ltd; 2000. Paracetamol; [updated 2017 Jul; cited 2017 Nov 10]; [3 screens].
Available from: https://amhonline-amh-net-au.ezproxy.library.uq.edu.au/.
6. MIMS online [Internet]. Crows nest (NSW): MIMS Australia; 2017. Betamin; [updated 2017 Nov:
cited 2017 Nov 10]; [1 screen]. Available from: https://www-mimsonline-com-au.ezyproxy.library.
au/Search/AbbrPl.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=vitamin+b&
PreviousPage=~/Search?QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=21830001_2
7. Bengtsson S, Solheim BG. Enforcement of data protection, privacy and security in medical
informatics. In: Lun KC. Degoulet P. Piemme TE, Reinhoff O, editors. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings of
the 7th World Congress on Medical Informatics. 1992 Sep 6‐10; Geneva, Switzerland. Amsterdam:
North Holland; 1992. p. 1561‐5.
8. Australia. Parliament. Senate. Select Committee on Climate Policy. Climate policy report.
Canberra: The Senate; 2009.
9. Diabetes Australia. Gestational diabetes [Internet]. Canberra (ACT): Diabetes Australia; 2015 [updated
2015; cited 2017 Nov 23]. Available from: https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/gestational-diabetes
10. The medical profession in the 1990’s [television broadcast]. The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour.
New York, Washington D.C.: Public Broadcasting Service; 1993 Oct 11.
Examples without page numbers:
Examples with page numbers:
Examples with authors names in the text of the document
A secondary source/indirect citation is when the ideas of one author are published in another author’s text but you have not read or accessed the original author’s work.
Elements of the citation | Follow the format of the reference in which you found the indirect citation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Reference - Book |
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Higgins1 discusses Newman’s research in his work,.. Clements2 quoted Chandler in his article... |
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EndNote reference type | Book Electronic Article |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – Family name and initials (no more than 2 initials with no spaces between initials). Title of book. Edition of book if later than 1st ed. Place of publication: Publisher name; Year of publication. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | The book, “Secrets from the black bag”, by Butler1 shows that... OR Butler1 purported ... |
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EndNote reference type | Book |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – Family name and initials, multiple authors separated by a comma. Title of book. Edition of book if later than 1st ed. Place of publication: Publisher name; Year of publication. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | ‘... needed to influence policy.’2 OR Cheers, Darracott and Lonne have highlighted the fact that ‘...'.2 |
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EndNote reference type | Book |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – Family name and initials (no more than 2 initials and no space between initials), Multiple authors separated by a comma. After the 6th author add - "et al." Title of book. Edition of book if later than 1st ed. Place of publication: Publisher name; Year of publication. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Hofmeyr3 states that... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Book |
Elements of the citation | Title of book. Edition of book if later than 1st ed. Place of publication: Publisher name; Year of publication. Note: Begin a reference with the title of the book if no person or organization can be identified as the author and no editors or translators are given. Do not use anonymous |
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In-text | ...do not die from the disease.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Book |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – Family name and initials, Multiple authors separated by a comma. Title of book. Edition of book if later than 1st ed. Place of publication: Publisher name; Year of publication. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | The main clinical and research interests of Dr Marilyn Campbell.5,6 are focused on... [if not previously cited] |
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EndNote reference type | Book |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – Family name and initials, multiple authors separated by a comma. Title of book. Edition of book if later than 1st ed. Place of publication: Publisher name; Year of publication. Note: Include the edition number after the book title for all editions except the first edition. Abbreviate edition to 'ed.' |
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In-text | What has become known as the “Bible of General Practice”7 in Australia... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Book |
Elements the of citation | Editor(s) – Family name and initials, editors. Title of book. edition (if not first) - ed. Place of publication: Publisher name; Year of publication. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | In all cases, it is important to note the outer diameter of the tube...8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Edited book |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) of chapter - Family name and initials, Title of chapter. In: Editor(s) of book - Family name and initials, editors. Title of book. edition (if not first). Place of publication: Publishe namer; Year of publication. p. [page numbers of chapter]. Note:- multiple authors/editors always separated by commas |
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In-text | As discussed by Rowlands and Haine9... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Book section |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) of book – Family name and initials. Title of book. edition (if not first) - ed. Place of publication: Publisher name; Year of publication. Chapter [chapter number], Chapter title; p. [page numbers of the chapter]. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text reference | ...due to endometriosis.(10) ...due to endometriosis.10 |
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EndNote reference type | Book NOTE: In the Year field enter the year followed by the Chapter number, Chapter title and pages - eg. 2005. Chapter 29, Endometriosis; p.1103‐33 (Note: include all the punctuation shown – EndNote will put in the full‐stop after the page numbers) |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) of book – Family name and initials. Title of book [Internet]. # edition. Place of Publication: Publisher Name; Year of Publication. Chapter [chapter number], Chapter title. [cited date - year, month abbreviated, day]. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Darwin11 believes that the natural selection... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic book Year field: enter - Publication year followed by the Chapter number and Chapter title eg.1859. Chapter 5, Laws of variation. (include all the punctuation shown) |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) of book – Family name and initials. Title of book [Internet]. # edition. [type of medium - eBook].Place of Publication: Publisher Name; Year of Publication [cited date - year, month abbreviated, day]. Available from: [name of database]. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Bartlett12 concludes that... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic book Type of medium field: enter - eBook Date accessed field: enter - date the book was cited eg. 2012 Aug 26 URL field: enter - the name of the database e.g. Ebrary. |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – Family name and initials (no more than 2 initials with no spaces between intitials). Title of chapter. In: Editor(s) of book. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher Name; Year of Publication. p. [pages of chapter]. (Series title; vol [volume number]). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | The binding of ligand to most seven‐transmembrane (STM) G‐protein‐coupled receptors leads to changes in the coupling of G proteins to the receptor ...(13) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Book Section Title of Series = Methods in Enzymology Pages field: enter - the pages, series title and volume number in brackets eg. 134‐48. (Methods in Enzymology; vol 288) |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – Family name and initials. Title of book. Name of translator - family name and initials, translator. Edition of book if later than 1st ed. Place of publication: Publisher name; Year of publication. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Luria14, discovered that... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Book Title field: enter - Title of book. Name of translator. eg. The mind of the mnemonist. Solotaroff, translator EndNote will put the full stop at the end of the word - translator |
Elements of the citation | Author/editor - family name and initials. Title of dictionary. edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Title of entry eg. defined word; p. [page number]. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | ‘is defined as...’,1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Book or Dictionary Year field: enter - Publication year. Defined word: p. page numbers. eg. 2006. Apraxia; p.119‐20 Include the full‐stops but do not add a full‐stop after the page numbers. EndNote will put it in. If using the Dictionary reference type – add the dictionary name to the Dictionary title field |
Elements of the citation |
Dictionary title [type of medium eg. Internet]. edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Title of entry; [cited Year Month Day]; [about - number of screens]. Available from: URL or database name |
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In-text | clone3 is defined as.... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic book Year field: enter - Publication/copyright year. Dictionary term; [cited date]; [number of screens] eg. c2017. Clone; [cited 2017 Oct 4]; [about 1 screen] |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) of article – Family name and initials. Title of article/chapter. In: Family name and initials, editors. Title of encyclopaedia. Place of publication: Publisher name; Year of publication. Vol - Volume number p. (page numbers of article/chapter). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Brookman4 has advocated that... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Book section |
Elements of the citation |
Title of work [Internet]. Place of publication: Sponsor of website/publisher; Year published. Title of section or defined word; [updated date - year month day; cited date - year month day]. Available from: URL. DOI: (if available) |
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In-text | ....... medicines.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type |
Electronic book Year field: enter - Year. Title of section: [updated date: cited date] |
Elements of the citation | Author. Title of work [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year published. Title of section or defined word; [updated date - year month day; cited date - year month day]. Available from: URL. DOI: (if available) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | St John's Wort2....... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type |
Electronic book |
lements of the reference | Authors) - Family name & initials. Title of article. Database name [Internet]. Publication year [cited year month day]; (issue number). Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | ...recommended during pregnancy.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic article Year field: enter - Publication year [cited date - year month day] eg. 2015 [cited 2017 Nov 14]; - (include the semi colon punctuation) The database name can also be abbreviated - EndNote abbreviates the database name to Cochrane Database Syst Rev. |
Elements of the citation | Title of work [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Publication year. Title of article; [updated date year month day; cited date year month day]. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | ......in juvenile arthritis.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic book Year field: enter - Publication year. Title of article; [updated date; cited date] eg. 2017. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; [updated 2017 Jul; cited 2017 Nov 14] |
Elements of the reference | Title of work [Internet]. Place of publication: Sponsor of website/publisher; Year published. Title of section or defined word; [updated date - year month day; cited date - year month day]. Available from: URL. DOI: (if available) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Betamin5 is used to.... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type |
Electronic book Year field: enter - Year. Title of section: [updated date: cited date ] - all with correct punctuation |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) - Familiy name followed by initials. Title of article. In: editor(s) - family name followed by initials, editor/editors. Database name. [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Publication year. [updated date - year month day; cited date year month day]. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | ......for successful treatment.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic book section Year field: enter - Publication Year. [updated date; cited date] eg. 2017. [updated 2017 May 23; cited 2017 Nov 14] |
The titles of journals must be abbreviated according to the style used in the the National Library of Medicine's - NLM Catalog: Journals referenced in the NCBI databases.
If you cannot find a particular journal title in the NLM catalog: Journals referenced in the NCBI databases try:
CAS Source Index (CASSI) search tool
ISI journal title abbreviations
Index Medicus - abbreviations of journal titles
Endnote: Journal title abbreviations
To show abbreviated journal titles in your EndNote Vancouver reference list you need to download the Journals Terms List.
Elements of the citation | Author– Family name and initials. Title of article. Abbreviated journal title. Publication year, month, day (month & day only if available);volume(issue):pages. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | As previously reported,1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Journal article |
Elements of the citation | Authors separated by commas – Family name and initials. Title of article. Abbreviated journal title. Publication year, month, day (month & day only if available);volume(issue):pages. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | McInnes and Bollen2 have developed a perspective which identifies ... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Journal article |
Elements of the citation |
Author(s) – Family name and initials. Title of article. Abbreviated journal title. Publication year, month, day (month & day only if available);volume(issue):pages. Note: list all 6 authors or alternatively list the first 3 and add "et al" |
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In-text | By using meta‐analysis, Skalsky et al3... Note - after the first author add et al |
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EndNote reference type | Journal article Year field:enter - year and date(only if available) eg. 2008 Mar 29 It is now optional where there are more than 3 authors to add et al after the 3rd author but EndNote adds “et al” after the 6th author |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – Family name and initials. Title of article. Abbreviated journal title. Publication year, month, day (month & day only if available);volume(issue):pages. Note: - It is now optional where there are more than 3 authors to add et al after the 3rd or 6th author. - EndNote adds et al after the 6th author |
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In-text | Hanna et al6 report in this article that... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Journal article |
Elements of the citation |
Title of article. Abbreviated journal title. Publication year, month, day (month and day only if available);volume number(issue number):pages. |
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In-text | New accreditation has..............8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Journal article |
Elements of the citation | Authors separated by commas – Family name and initials. Title of article. Abbreviated journal title. Publication year, month, day (month & day only if available);volume(issue). Forthcoming - year of expected publication. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | O’Leary9 states that.. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type |
Journal article |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) - Family name and initials. Title of article. Abbreviated journal title [Internet]. Publication year, month, day (month and day only if available) [cited date - year, month, day];volume number(issue number):page numbers. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | According to Lemanek10... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic article URL field: enter - URL of the journal’s website (for subscription‐based journals), or the full URL of the article (for articles available free on the web). Date accessed field: enter - date you looked at this site (ie cited date) eg. 2010 Apr 22. Type of Work field: enter - Internet |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) - Family name and initials. Title of article. Abbreviated journal title [Internet]. Publication year, month, day (month and day only if available) [cited date - year, month, day];volume number(issue number):page numbers. Available from: URL. DOI: Note: - Months are abbreviated to their first 3 letters. - if no URL - just enter the DOI number |
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In-text |
Puri and O’Brian (11) argue that ... or Puri and O'Brien11 argue that.... |
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EndNote reference type |
Electronic article Cited date - enter in the Date accessed field as: 2012 Aug 2 |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) of paper – family name and initials. Title of paper. In: Editor(s) Family name and initials, editor(s). Title of conference; Date of conference; Place of conference. Place of publication: Publisher’s name; Publication year. p. Page numbers. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | This is well documented in the literature.1,2 This is well documented in the literature.(1,2) |
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EndNote reference type | Book section Year field: enter - year and date eg. 1992 Sep 6‐10 |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) of paper - family name and initials. Title of paper. In: Editor(s) - family name and initials, editor(s). Title of conference; Date of conference; Place of conference. Place of publication: Publisher's name; Publication year. p. Page numbers. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | .....as seen with gender roles.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic book section Year field - enter Year [cited date]; p. page numbers of article eg. 2009 [cited 2017 Nov 16]. p. 22-7 Book Title field - enter - Title of conference [Internet] Conference date; Place of conference eg. Connecting research and practice in relationships: conference proceedings [Internet] 2009 Nov 7-8; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (EndNote will put fullstop at the end of the title) |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) of paper – family name and initials. Title of paper. Paper presented at: Title of conference; Date of conference - Year Month Date(s); Place of conference. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | It has been found that endemic STD’s ...(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Unpublished work Title of Work field: enter - Title of article. Paper present at: title, date and place of conference eg. Endemic STDs in the Northern Territory: estimations of effective rates of partner exchange. Paper presented at: The Scientific Meeting of the Royal Australian College of Physicians; 1996 Jun 24‐25; Darwin, Australia (no full stop at the end - EndNote will put this in) Everything has to be entered in the one field except for the authors. |
Elements of the citation | Editor(s) – family name and initials. Title of book. Title of conference proceedings; Date of conference - year month day(s); Place of conference. Place of publication: Publisher; Publication year. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Research supports...(4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Edited book Title field: enter - Title of book. Title of conference proceedings; Conference date; Place of conference. |
Elements of the citation | Editor(s) - family name and initials. Title of conference [Internet]; Date of conference - year month day; Place of Conference. Place of publication: Publisher; Publication year. [cited date - year month day]. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | ......grammar.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic book Year field: - enter Year [cited date] eg. 2003 [cited 2017 Nov 16] Title field: enter - Conference title [Internet]; Conference date; Place of conference eg. Proceedings of the 10th international conference on head-driven phrase structure grammar [Internet]; 2003 Jul 18-20; East Lansing (MI) |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – family name and initials. Article title. Newspaper title (edition of paper eg. Weekend edition). Date of publication – year month (3 letter abbreviation) day: Sect. Location eg. A:12 or Business 5 (5 is the page number) column number if applicable in brackets eg. (col. 1). (Sect = Section) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | “many parents did not feed their babies enough”1... Robertson2 states that… |
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EndNote reference type | Newspaper article Year field: enter - year and date eg. 2010 Mar 6‐ 7; 2010 Mar 8:9 – note “9” refers to page 9 Section field: enter - ETC If have a column number, this will need to be added to the Pages field after the page number eg. 15 (col.1) If have a newspaper edition add this to the Title field eg. The Courier Mail (Weekend edition) |
Elements of the citation | Article title. Newspaper title (edition of paper eg. Weekend edition). Date of publication – year month (3 letter abbreviation) day: Sect. Location eg. A:12 or Business 5 (5 is the page number) column number if applicable in brackets eg. (col. 1). (Sect = Section) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | The counsellors...3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Newspaper article 22 is the page number |
Elements of the citation | Author– Family name and initials. Title of article. Abbreviated journal title. Publication year, month, day (month & day only if available);volume(issue):pages. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | The findings of the research,(4)... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic article Year field: enter - year and full date including months if provided |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – family name and initials. Article title. Newspaper title (edition of paper eg. Weekend edition) [Internet]. Date of publication - year month day [cited date - year month day]: Section of newspaper. Available from: URL Section of newspaper eg. Research: [about 4 screens] or Health: A1 |
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In-text | The success of the Clem7 tunnel ...(5) …causing them to leave.6 |
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EndNote reference type | Electronic article Year field - enter year month(abbreviated to first 3 letters of the month) day eg. 2010 Mar 16 Periodical Title field - enter newspaper name and [Internet] eg. The Courier Mail [Internet] Date Accessed field - enter the date you cited the article - year month day eg. 2010 March 20 Pages field - enter page numbers of the article – include the newspaper section if applicable.eg. Health:A1 |
Elements of the citation | Author(s). Title of report. Place of publication: Publisher; Date of publication – year month (if applicable). Total number of pages (if applicable eg. 24 p.) Report No.: (if applicable) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text |
Oral health is ...1 ......due to health hazards.(2) |
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EndNote reference type |
Report |
Elements of the citation | Author(s). Title of report. Report No.: (if applicable). [internet]. Place of publication: Publisher or Institution; Publication date or year [updated date - year month day; cited date - year month day]. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | ... indicated in the budget paper.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type |
Webpage Author field: enter - Commonwealth of Australia, on one line and then enter Treasury, on the next line - enter a comma at the end of each entry. |
Elements of the citation | Author - family name followed by initials. Thesis title [type of thesis]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Note: - insert "dissertation" for a PhD and - insert "master's thesis" for a master's degree |
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In-text | The research is support by Kay (1)... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Thesis Thesis Type field: enter - type of thesis eg. dissertation |
Elements of the citation | Author - family named followed by initials. Thesis title [type of thesis/dissertation on the Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited date – year month day]. Available from: URL Note: for [type of thesis/dissertation on the Internet] - insert "dissertation on the Internet" for a PhD - insert "master's thesis on the Internet" for a master's degree |
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In-text | The research...2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Thesis |
A citation to a web site is made mainly from the information found on the homepage.
The URL does not have a full stop after it unless in ends in a forward slash - / or more information follows it such as a DOI number.
Elements of the citation | Author/organization's name. Title of the page [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher's name; Publication date or year [updated date - year month day; cited date - year month day]. Available from: URL
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In-text | ......occurs in gestational diabetes.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Web page Use the Access Year and Access Date fields for the cited date |
Elements of the citation | Title [Internet]. Place of publication (if availablable): Publisher's name (if available); Publication date [updated date (if available); cited date]. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Coping with ADHD......(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Web page Year field: enter - year month (first 3 letters of month) day eg. 2009 Nov 1 Title field: enter - title of website [Internet] eg. The family impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [Internet] |
Elements of the citation | Title of homepage [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher's name; Publication date of homepage. Title of specific page/part; Date of publication of part [Cited date of part]. Available from: URL of part
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In-text | ...the need for more doctors.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Web page Place published field: put the publication date of the part - year month day eg. 2012 Oct 22 Access Year field: enter year website was viewed Access Date field: enter month and day website was viewed |
Elements of the citation | Author/organization. Title [image on the Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher's name; Publication date [date cited]. Available from: URL If the image does not have a title - give the image a meaningful title in square brackets. |
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In-text | The image of the rash.....4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Web page Type of Medium field: enter - image on the Internet |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) - family name and initials. Title of podcast [podcast on the Internet]. Place of production: Producer; Production or copyright date [updated year month day (if available); cited year month day]. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | The latest fossil discover...(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Web page Type of Medium field ‐ enter “podcast on the Internet” Last Update Date field: enter the updated date eg. 2010 Apr 9 Access Year field: enter the cited date eg. 2010 Apr 14 |
Elements of the citation | Author of blog - family name and initials or organisation. Title of blog [Internet] Place of publication: Publisher. First year of blog followed by dash -. [cited year month day]; [number of screens]. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | For further information about the UQ Ipswich library refer to their blog.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Blog Publisher field: enter - publisher name followed by date of publication date eg. University of Queensland Library. 2008 Mar – Last Update Date field: enter the date of citation eg. 2012 Sep 26 URL field: enter full stop after URL only if it ends in a forward slash - / |
Elements of the citation | Author of post - family and initials. Title of post. Year month day of post [cited year month day]. In: Author or editor of blog. Title of blog [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher. First year of blog followed by dash -. [about - number of screens]. Available from URL Note: put full stop after the URL if it ends in a forward slash - / |
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In-text | ......health.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic book section Year field: enter - first year of blog followed by dash eg. 2012- Title field: enter - title of blog post. date of blog post [cited date] eg. Tourists enter the medical mix. 20111 Jun 7 [cited 2017 Nov 29] Book Title field: enter - Title of blog. [Internet] eg. Rural Health Workforce. Rural health - a life changing difference [Internet] Publisher field: enter - Publisher. First year of blog followed by dash. [about - number of screens] eg. Rural Health Workforce. 2012-. [about 2 screens] URL field: put a full stop after the URL if it ends in a forward slash - / |
Elements of the citation | Author of blog - family name and initials or organisation. Title of blog [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher. First year of blog followed by dash -. Title of post; year month day of post [cited year month day]; [number of screens]. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Smith4 reported that... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Web page Title field: enter - blog title [Internet] eg. Dr. Smith's ECG blog [Internet] Publisher field: enter - Publisher. First year of blog-. Title of blog post. Date of blog post [cited date]; [about - number of screens] eg. Dr Stephen W Smith. 2008-. A 54 yo male with sudden chest pain. Computer says normal. Paramedic disagrees. 2017 Nov 27 [cited 2017 Nov 29]; [about 4 screens] |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – family name and initials / Title of Facebook [Internet]. Date posted - year month day [cited date - year month day]; Available from: URL Note: put full stop after the URL if it ends in a forward slash - / |
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In-text | The winners will be....1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Web page Title field: enter the title and [Internet] eg. The winners of the 2017.... [Internet] URL field: enter a full stop after the URL if it ends in forward slash - / |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) – family name and initials / Twitter name / organisation. Full text of the tweet. [Internet]. Date Tweet posted - year month day [cited date - year month day]; Available from: URL of Twitter account | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | .......turtles.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Web page Year field: enter - year month day eg. 2017 Oct 4 URL field: enter - full stop after URL only if it ends in a forward slash - / |
Elements of the citation | Author. Title of brochure/pamphlet [pamphlet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | As listed in the pamphlet by the...1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Pamphlet Type of Work field: enter - pamphlet |
Elements of the citation | Name of medicine [package insert]. Place of publication: Publisher/Manufacturer; Year of publication. Note: Package inserts are the printed material about the use and effects of the product contained in the package. |
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In-text | One of the side effects listed...(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Pamphlet Type of Work field - enter - package insert |
Elements of the citation | Name of medicine [package insert on the Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher/Manufacturer; Year of publication [updated date; cited date - day month year]. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Ventolin3 usage..... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Pamphlet Year field: enter - Publication year [updated date; cited date]. Available from: URL. eg. 2017 [updated 2017 Jun 26: cited 2017 Oct 10]. Available from: https://au.gsk.com/media/394804/ventolin _inhaler_cmi_au_008_approved.pdf Type of Work field: enter - package insert on the Internet |
Elements of the citation | Lecturer. Title of Lecture [unpublished lecture notes]. Course code: course name, Institution where delivered; lecture given - date of lecture - year month day. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | In the lecture given by Smith (1)... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Manuscript Year field: enter - “lecture given” followed by year and date eg. lecture given 2010 Apr 20 Title field: enter - title of lecture followed by [unpublished lecture notes] Collection title field: enter - course code: course name eg. BESC3009: Relating with young people Place Published field: enter - place of publication and the institution name eg St Lucia: University of Queensland |
Elements of the citation | Title of segment [television or radio broadcast]. Title of program. Place of publication: Publisher; Date program was aired. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | As seen in the MacNeil/Lehrer news hour1. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Film or broadcast Title field: enter - title of segment [television broadcast] eg: The medical profession in the 1990's [television broadcast] Series Title field: enter – name of the program series eg. The MacNeil/Lehre news hour Place Published field: enter - place of broadcast eg. New York, Washington D.C. Distributor field: enter - name of publisher eg. Public Broadcasting Service Year Released field: enter - year and date the program was aired eg. 1993 Oct 11 |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) - family name and initials. Title [Format]. Version number (if relevant). Place of publication: Publisher; Publication year. Item description - includes extent (number of physical pieces): colour, size. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Lennon2 showed... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type |
Audiovisual material Type field: enter - Format of audiovisual material eg. CD-ROM |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) - family name and initials - (if available). Title [format]. Secondary author(s) - role in production - family name and initials. Place of publication: publisher; date of publication [date it was viewed]. Available from: URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Evidence has shown.....(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Electronic book Year field: enter - publication year [date viewed] eg. 2017 [2017 Nov 11] Place Published field: enter - secondary authors (directors, producers). Place of publication eg. Tran F, director. Parrault S, Priou E, Darondeau Y, producers. Paris (France) |
Elements of the citation | Author(s) - family name and initials. Title [motion picture]. Secondary author(s) - role in production - family name and initials. Place of publication: Publisher; year of publication. Item description. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Classic catch phrases......4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Audiovisual material Year field: enter - Publication year. Item description eg. 1997. 1 reel: 85 min., sound, colour, 16 mm. Place Published field: enter - secondary authors like directors and producers followed by Place of publication eg. Sitch, R, director. Choate, D, producer. Sydney, NSW |
Personal communication:
Personal communication in the text of your document must include:
It is recommended you get permission from the source/author of your personal communication.
Conversation:
In a conversation with a A. B. Smith, MD (April 2010)...
Letter:
According to a letter by C. D. Jones (Assoc. Prof., Dept of Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh, PA) in November 2010...
According to C.D. Jones , PhD (written communication, November 2010)...
E‐mail:
In‐text: In an email from E. Ferguson, PhD (efergus@uq.edu.au) in August 2010...
Reference List:
Ferguson E. How to cite in your assignments [online]. E‐mail to Abe Smith (smithie@uq.edu.au) 2010 Apr 20 [cited 2010 April 28].
It is important to keep a copy of the email.
Legislation:
Format for Legislation
Title Year (Jurisdiction Abbreviation) Pinpoint.
Case Law
Format for reported cases
Case Name (Year) Volume Law Report Abbreviation Page, Pinpoint (Court).
NOTE: where a case has been reported in the ‘authorised” reports for that court, you should use that citation in preference to any other citation which you may have.
Further information about citing legal resources:
Elements of the citation | Short title of the act in italics Year in italics (Juridiction) Pinpoint reference to relevant section. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | Note: where you are referring to legislative provision in the text of your work, you should write as you would speak eg. Section 58 of the Trusts Act 1973 (Qld) 63 states that... NOT: Trusts Act 1973 (Qld) s 58 states that... |
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EndNote reference type | Legal Enter all the details ‐ title, year, jurisdiction and section in the AGLC Citation field Enter short title of Act or Regulation into the Short Title field |
Elements of the citation | Case name in italics [year in round or square brackets see Elements of the citation] Volume Number Abbreviation of law report Commencing page number of case Pinpoint (Name of Court only when not obvious from citation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | In Bakker v Stewart5 the... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Legal AGLC citation field: enter all the details of the case eg. Bakker v Stewart [1980] VR 17,22 |
Elements of the citation | Follow the format of the reference type (book, journal or website) in which you found the table/figure/image/appendix followed by: table/figure/image/appendix number of original source, Title of table/figure/image/appendix from original source; p. Page number of table/figure/image/appendix from original source. NOTE: each reference to a different table/figure/image within the same document requires a separate entry in the Reference list |
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In-text | Crimes relating to chocolate was high (see Table 5). Table 3. Examples of vaccine classes and associated industrial challenges.(1) Table 5. Chocolate related crime: Old Bailey court records.2 Figure 3. Marconi’s grounded antenna.3 Note: - the table number in these examples would be the table number in your document not the table number in the original document. - The original table number must be cited in the reference list. - If you change the table title in your document you must cite the original title of the table in the reference list. |
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EndNote reference type | Enter journal/Book/Book section details as normal. Journal Pages field: insert a full stop after the page numbers and then add the details of the table/figure/image/ appendix eg. 428‐438. Table 1, Examples of vaccine classes and associated industrial challenges; p. 429 Book Section (for book chapters) Pages field: enter - table details starting with table/figure/image/appendix as shown in the example. The ‘p.’ will be inserted by EndNote. If you are inserting page numbers for the chapter ‐ after the page numbers add ‘full stop space p.” followed by the table details. Book Year field: insert a full stop and space after the year followed by the table/figure/image/appendix details as shown. eg. 2001. Figure 1.5, Marconi’s grounded antenna; p. 21 |
Elements of the citation | Investigator(s) names. Title of dataset [medium type]. Host institution name/Producer: Physical location; Year of publication [Date accessed]. Available from: Identifier – DOI or URL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In-text | The majority of the Titanic survivors………(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EndNote reference type | Dataset Investigators field:enter - the author/institution name Title field: enter - name of study/resource/dataset Data type field: enter - type of medium eg. Data file, Computer file Distributor field: enter - the name of producer/host institution name Place published field: enter - the physical location Year field: enter - year of publication Access Date field: enter - the date the data was accessed URL and/or DOI fields enter the appropriate identifier |