APA 6th referencing style - printable version

("First words of article, chapter title", Year)

"First words of article, chapter title" (Year)

(Title of book, journal, Year)

Title of book, journal (Year)

("First words of article, chapter title", Year)

"First words of article, chapter title" (Year)

(Title of book, journal, Year)

Title of book, journal (Year)

("Social media", 2013)

"Social media" (2013)

(Social media security, 2014)

Social Media Security (2014)

("Social media", 2013)

"Social media" (2013)

(Social media security, 2014)

Social Media Security (2014)

(First author - first name initial. last name, Year)

First author - first name initial. last name  (Year)

(First author - first name initial. last name & second author - last name, Year)

First author - first name initial. last name and second author - last name (Year)

(First author - first name initial. last name, Year)

First author - first name initial. last name (Year)

(First author - first name initial. last name & second author - last name, Year)

First author - first name initial. last name and second author - last name (Year)

(J. P. Lewis, 2007)

J. P. Lewis (2007) argues that….

(R. Lewis & Morgan, 2007)

R. Lewis and Morgan (2007) stated that...

(S. Lewis, Johnson, & Edwards, 2015) found that .....

S. Lewis, Johnson, and Edwards (2015) found that .....

(J. P. Lewis, 2007)

J. P. Lewis (2007) argues that….

(R. Lewis & Morgan, 2007)

R. Lewis and Morgan (2007) stated that...

(S. Lewis et al., 2015) found that .....

S. Lewis et al. (2015) found that .....

(Author - full first name last name, Year)

Author - full first name last name (Year) has argued that ....

(Author - full first name last name, Year)

Author - full first name last name (Year) has argued that ....

(Jessica Lewis, 2017)

Jessica Lewis (2017) has argued that ....

(James Lewis, 2014)

James Lewis (2014) notes that ....

(Jessica Lewis, 2017)

Jessica Lewis (2017) has argued that ....

(James Lewis, 2014)

James Lewis (2014) notes that ....

(Original author last name, as cited in Author last name of work where quote found, Year)

Miller (as cited in Agrios, 2005) found …

… it was found (Miller, as cited in Agrios, 2005).

Agrios, G.N. (2005). Plant pathology (5th ed.). Burlington, MA.: Elsevier Academic Press.

Use the relevant reference type for the item you are citing.

Add as cited in manually in the Prefix box, using Edit Citation option. 

.....finding information (Berkman, 1994)

OR

Berkman (1994) claimed that …

....finding information (Berkman, 1994)

OR

Berkman (1994) claimed that …

Author(s) – last name and initials.

Berkman, R. I. (1994). Find it fast: How to uncover expert information. New York, NY: Harper Perrenial.

(Kendall & Watson, 2015)

Kendall and Watson (2015)

(Kendall & Watson, 2015)

Kendall and Watson (2015)

Moir, A., & Jessel, D. (1991). Brain sex: The real difference between men and women. London, England: Mandarin.

(Author last name, Author last name, Author last name, & Author last name, Year)

Author last name, Author last name, Author last name, and Author last name, (Year)

(Hoges, Jensen, Olsen, & Forgan, 2013)

Hoges, Jensen, Olsen, and Forgan  (2013)

(Hoges et al., 2013)

Hoges et al. (2013)

O'Keefe, J. H., Bell, D. S. H., & Wyne, K.L. (2009). Diabetes essentials. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

(First author last name et al., Year)

First author last name et al. (Year)

(Johnson et al., 2016)

Johnson et al. (2016)

Churchill, R., Ferguson, P., Godinho, S., Johnson, N. F., Keddie, A., Lets, W., & Mackay, J. (2013). Teaching: Making a difference. Sydney, Australia: Wiley.

Cite the last names & initials of the first six authors then follow with a comma and three spaced ellipsis points (. . .), then the last author’s name. 

Johnson, L., Lewis, K., Peters, M., Harris, Y., Moreton, G., Morgan, B., . . . Smith, P. (2005). How far is far? London, England: McMillan.

(First author - first name initial. last name, Year)

First author - first name initial. last name  (Year)

(First author - first name initial. last name & second author - last name, Year)

First author - first name initial. last name and second author - last name (Year)

(First author - first name initial. last name, Year)

First author - first name initial. last name (Year)

(First author - first name initial. last name & second author - last name, Year)

First author - first name initial. last name and second author - last name (Year)

(J. P. Lewis, 2007)

J. P. Lewis (2007) argues that….

(R. Lewis & Morgan, 2007)

R. Lewis and Morgan (2007) stated that...

(S. Lewis, Johnson, & Edwards, 2015) found that .....

S. Lewis, Johnson, and Edwards (2015) found that .....

(J. P. Lewis, 2007)

J. P. Lewis (2007) argues that….

(R. Lewis & Morgan, 2007)

R. Lewis and Morgan (2007) stated that...

(S. Lewis et al., 2015) found that .....

S. Lewis et al. (2015) found that .....

(Author - full first name last name, Year)

Author - full first name last name (Year) has argued that ....

(Author - full first name last name, Year)

Author - full first name last name (Year) has argued that ....

(Jessica Lewis, 2017)

Jessica Lewis (2017) has argued that ....

(James Lewis, 2014)

James Lewis (2014) notes that ....

(Jessica Lewis, 2017)

Jessica Lewis (2017) has argued that ....

(James Lewis, 2014)

James Lewis (2014) notes that ....

(Group Name [abbreviation], Year)

Group Name (abbreviation, Year)

(Abbreviation, Year)

Abbreviation (Year)

(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2012)

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW, 2012)

(AIHW, 2012)

AIHW (2012)

(Group Name, 2015)

Group Name (2015)

(Group Name, 2015)

Group Name (2015)

(Tourism Queensland, 2016)

Tourism Queensland (2016)

(Tourism Queensland, 2016)

Tourism Queensland (2016)

("First words of article, chapter title", Year)

"First words of article, chapter title" (Year)

(Title of book, journal, Year)

Title of book, journal (Year)

("First words of article, chapter title", Year)

"First words of article, chapter title" (Year)

(Title of book, journal, Year)

Title of book, journal (Year)

("Social media", 2013)

"Social media" (2013)

(Social media security, 2014)

Social Media Security (2014)

("Social media", 2013)

"Social media" (2013)

(Social media security, 2014)

Social Media Security (2014)

(Anonymous listed as author name, 1996)

Anonymous listed as author name (1996)

(Anonymous listed as author name, 1996)

Anonymous listed as author name(1996)

(Anonymous, 1996)

Anonymous (1996)

(Anonymous, 1996)

Anonymous (1996)

(Author last name, Author last name, Author last name & Author last name, 2017)

Author last name, Author last name, Author last name and Author last name (2017)

Follow usual format required for number of authors.

(Author last name, Author last name, Author last name et al., 2017)

Author last name, Author last name, Author last name et al. (2017)

Follow usual format required for number of authors.

(Harris, Lewis, Peterson, & Kendall, 2017)

Harris, Lewis, Johnson, and Taylor (2017)

Include author last name and as many of the subsequent author last names to distinguish them.

(Harris, Lewis, Peterson et al., 2017

Harris, Lewis, Johnson, et al. (2017)

Include author last name and as many of the subsequent author last names to distinguish them. For remaining authors, replace with et al.

Indented, bold, Sentence case (first word uses capital letter, rest uses lower case. Also called a lower case paragraph heading) ending with a full stop.

Indented, bold, italicized, Sentence case (first word uses capital letter, rest uses lower case. Also called a lower case paragraph heading) ending with a full stop.

Indented, italicized, Sentence case (first word uses capital letter, rest uses lower case. Also called a lower case paragraph heading) ending with a full stop.

Sophisticated searching techniques are important in finding information (Berkman, 1994)

OR

Berkman, R. I. (1994). Find it fast: How to uncover expert information. New York, NY: Harper Perrenial.

It is futile to maintain that the sexes are interchangeable (Moir & Jessel, 1991)

OR

Moir and Jessel (1991) found students…

Always list the authors in the order in which they appear in the publication.

Cite both authors for each use of reference.

Moir, A., & Jessel, D. (1991). Brain sex: The real difference between men and women. London, England: Mandarin.

First instance: (O’Keefe, Bell, & Wyne, 2009)

Subsequent Uses: (O’Keefe et al., 2009)

OR

First instance: O’Keefe, Bell, and Wyne (2009) 

Subsequent Uses: O’Keefe et al. (2009) stated that ...

Cite all authors the first time the reference appears; for all subsequent uses, cite last name of first author followed by “et al.”

O'Keefe, J. H., Bell, D. S. H., & Wyne, K.L. (2009). Diabetes essentials. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Churchill et al. (2013) argue …

OR

It was argued that…(Churchill et al., 2013)

Cite just the last name of the first author followed by et al. and year for the first and all other citations

Churchill, R., Ferguson, P., Godinho, S., Johnson, N. F., Keddie, A., Lets, W., & Mackay, J. (2013). Teaching: Making a difference. Sydney, Australia: Wiley.

Johnson et al. (2005) argue …

OR

It was argued that…(Johnson et al., 2005)

Cite just the last name of the first author followed by et al. and year for the first and all other citations

Johnson, L., Lewis, K., Peters, M., Harris, Y., Moreton, G., Morgan, B., . . . Smith, P. (2005). How far is far? London, England: McMillan.

Cite the last names & initials of the first six authors then follow with a comma and three spaced ellipsis points (. . .), then the last author’s name.

Management is defined as (CCH Macquarie Dictionary, 1993)

OR

CCH Macquarie Dictionary (1993) defines…

Cite in the text the first few words of the title and the year. Italicise the book title.

The CCH Macquarie dictionary of business. (1993). North Ryde, Australia: CCH Australia.

(Anonymous, 1996)

Use only if author is specifically named as Anonymous

Anonymous. (1996). Primary colors: A novel of politics. New York, NY: Random House.

One author

(J. P. Lewis, 2007)

J. P. Lewis (2007) argues that….

(R. Lewis, 2007)

R. Lewis (2007) stated that...

Multiple authors

(S. Lewis, Edwards & Galbraith, 2015) found that .....

S. Lewis, Edwards & Galbraith (2015) found that .....

Include each first author’s initials in all citations. Do this for the first author only. 

If the same author last name is found as second, third etc authors, initials are not used.

One author

Lewis, J. P. (2007). Fundamentals of project management. New York, NY: American Management Association.

Lewis, R. (2007). Human genetics : concepts and applications. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Multiple authors

Lewis, S., Edwards, D., & Galbraith, D. (2015). Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. Science, 349(6250), 827-832. doi:10.1126/science.aaa9932

…geology of Queensland’s national parks (Willmott, 2004, 2006).

Willmott (2004, 2006) found that ...

List years chronologically 

Willmott, W.F. (2004). Rocks and landscapes of the national parks of Southern Queensland. Brisbane, Australia: Geological Society of Australia, Queensland Division.

Willmott, W.F. (2006). Rocks and landscapes of the national parks of Central Queensland. Brisbane, Australia: Geological Society of Australia, Queensland Division.

Order chronologically from earliest in the reference list

(Dawkins, 1996a, 1996b)

Dawkins (1996a, 1996b) has argued ...

a, b, c etc are assigned in reference list according to title.

Dawkins, R. (1996a). Climbing Mount Improbable. London, England: Viking.

Dawkins, R. (1996b). River out of Eden. London, England: Phoenix.

Order alphabetically by title in the reference list, giving first title "a" suffix to year and so on.

(Queensland Health, 2002)

Queensland Health (2002) recommends that….

Queensland Health. (2002). Best practice guidelines for the management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Brisbane, Australia: Author.

Book

Add a comma , after each corporate author eg. Queensland Health, in the Author field

(DeHart, Sroufe, & Cooper, 1995)

DeHart, Sroufe, and Cooper (1995) state the idea that…

DeHart, G. B., Sroufe, L.A., & Cooper, R. G. (1995). Child development: Its nature and course (4th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.

The edition statement is placed after the title of the work. This is not necessary for a first edition.

(Friedman & Wachs, 1999)

(Everson, 1991)

Treat multiple editors same as multiple authors

Friedman, S. L., & Wachs, T. D. (Eds.). (1999). Measuring environment across the life span: Emerging methods and concepts. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Everson, S. (Ed.). (1991). Psychology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

(De Lara & Doyen, 2008)

(Ardia, 2008)

De Lara, M., & Doyen, L. (2008). Sustainable management of natural resources: Mathematical models and methods. [SpringerLink version]. Retrieved from http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp? genre=book&isbn=978-3-540-79073-0

Ardia, D. (2008). Financial risk management with Bayesian estimation of GARCH models: Theory and applications [SpringerLink version]. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78657-3

Add the name of the provider of the electronic version in square brackets.

Electronic book

Enter the Digital Object Identifier of the book in the DOI field.

If the book has no DOI, use the URL field and enter the full web address of the e-book if it was only published electronically.

If the book was originally published in print, enter the web address of the homepage of the website on which it is available.

(Stevens, n.d.)

Stevens (n..d.) stated that ....

Use n.d. when no year available

Stevens, K. (n.d.) The dreamer and the beast. Retrieved from http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemID=332

Ylinen, J. (2008). Stretching therapy: For sport and manual therapies (J. Nurmenniemi, Trans.). Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone.

Book

Enter translator’s name in Translator field

(Baker & Lightfoot, 1993)

Use the chapter authors, not the editors of the book

Treat multiple authors in same format as books

Baker, F. M., & Lightfoot, O. B. (1993). Psychiatric care of ethnic elders. In A. C. Gaw (Ed.), Culture, ethnicity, and mental illness (pp. 517-552). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

(Scott, 2005)

Scott (2005) argued that ....

Scott, D. (2005). Colonial governmentality. In J. X. Inda (Ed.), Anthropologies of modernity (pp. 21-49). Retrieved from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/bookhome/117909832

(Iacono, 2008)

Iacono (2008) demonstrated that ....

Iacono, W. G. (2008). Polygraph testing. In E. Borgida & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), Beyond common sense: Psychological science in the courtroom (pp. 219-235). doi:10.1002/9780470696422

McInerney, V. (2004). Review of the Neale analysis of reading ability, 3rd Edition [Australian Standardisation]. In The fifteenth mental measurements yearbook. Retrieved from EBSCO Mental Measurements Yearbook.

Book section

Add EBSCO Mental Measurements Yearbook database in the URL field.

(Lowrie & Diezmann, 2009)

Lowrie and Diezmann (2009) have found that ....

Lowrie, T., & Diezmann, C. M. (2009). National numeracy tests: A graphic tells a thousand words. Australian Journal of Education, 53(2), 141-158.

(Osman, 2010)

OR

Osman (2010) thought that….

Osman, M. (2010). Controlling uncertainty: A review of human behavior in complex dynamic environments. Psychological Bulletin, 136(1), 65-86. doi:10.1037/a0017815

The volume number is in italics

Journal article (print)

Electronic article 

(Kerrigan & Kingdon, 2010)

Kerrigan and Kingdon (2010) mentioned that ....

Kerrigan, A. M., & Kingdon, C. (2010). Maternal obesity and pregnancy: A retrospective study. Midwifery, 26, 138-146. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2008.12.005

First use: (Skenderian, Siegel, Crano, Alvaro, & Lac, 2008)

Skenderian, Siegel, Crano, Alvaro, and Lac (2008) have argued that ....

Subsequent uses: (Skenderian et al., 2008)

Skenderian et al. (2008) stated that ....

Cite all authors the first time the reference appears; for all subsequent uses, cite last name of first author followed by et al.

Skenderian, J. J., Siegel, J. T., Crano, W. D., Lac, A., & Alvaro, E. E. (2008). Expectancy change and adolescents' intentions to use marijuana. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22(4), 563-569. doi:10.1037/a0013020

Include all authors up to seven.

(Wolchik et al., 2008)

Wolchik et al. (2008) have said that ....

Use only the first author’s last name followed by et al., for every use of the reference.

Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., . . . Griffin, W. A. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 843-856. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.843

Include all authors up to seven names.

For eight or more, include the first six, then an ellipsis - ... - followed by the last author's name.

("Vitamin K for Newborns", 2016)

Use the first words of the article title.

Use double quotation marks around the article title.

Vitamin K for newborns. (2016). Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 61(5), 675-676. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12550

(Wilens & Biederman, 2006)

Wilens and Biederman (2006) argued that ....

Wilens, T.E., & Biederman J. (2006). Alcohol, drugs, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A model for the study of addictions in youth. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 20, 580-588. doi:10.1177/0269881105058776

Issue number is not required.

(Allan, 2010)

Allan (2010) found that ....

Allan, H. (2010). The perils facing nurse education: A call for leadership for learning. Nurse Education Today, Advance online publication. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2010.01.002

(Shaw, O’Rourke, Del Mar, & Kenardy, 2005)

Shaw, O’Rourke, Del Mar, and Kenardy (2005) stated that ....

Shaw, K., O'Rourke, P., Del Mar, C., & Kenardy, J. (2005). Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005(2), 1-75. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003818.pub2

(Fallon & Engel, 2008)

Fallon and Engel (2008) argued that ....

Fallon, A., & Engel, C. (2008). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The Practising Midwife, 11(9), 1-27. Retrieved from http://www.practisingmidwife.co.uk

Electronic article

Add the web address of the journal's website (subscription-based journals), or the full web address of the article (if free) to the URL field

(Williams & Beattie, in press)

Williams and Beattie (in press) stated that ....

Williams, S., & Beattie, H. J. (in press). Problem based learning in the clinical setting – a systematic review. Nurse Education Today.

Journal article

Put in press in year field

(Shaw, 2003)

Shaw (2003) argued that ....

Shaw, J. (2003). Epidemiology and prevention of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Medical Journal of Australia,179, 379-383. Retrieved from UQ eSpace.

Electronic article

Put Name of Institutional Repository in URL field

(Atherton, 2005)

Atherton (2005) has mentioned that ....

Atherton, J. (2005). Behaviour modification. Retrieved from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/behaviour_mod.htm

Do not italicise the title of the webpage when it is part of a website.

Only italicise the title when it can be considered a stand alone document eg. government white paper, guidelines, or report.

("Behaviour modification", 2007)

Use title instead of author name. Place in double quotation marks.

Behaviour modification. (2007). Retrieved from http://www.educational-psychologist.org.uk/behaviour.html

Do not italicise the title of the webpage when it is part of a website.

Only italicise the title when it can be considered a stand alone document eg. government white paper, guidelines or report.

(Society of Clinical Psychology, n.d.)

The Society of Clinical Psychology (n.d.) stated that ....

Do not italicise the title of the webpage when it is part of a website.

Only italicise the title when it can be considered a stand alone document eg. government white paper, guidelines, or report.

Society of Clinical Psychology. (n.d.). About clinical psychology. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/about/division/div12.aspx

(Queensland Health, 2017)

As stated by Queensland Health (2017)

Queensland Health. (2017). Sun safety and physical activity [Fact sheet]. Retrieved from http://conditions.health.qld.gov.au/HealthCondition/media/pdf/20/199/134/sun-safety-and-physical-activity-v4

Do not italicise the title of the webpage when it is part of a website.

Only italicise the title when it can be considered a stand alone document eg. government white paper, guidelines, or report.

Scarlet fever rash picture [Image] (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/dermatlas/scarletfever.html

Audiovisual material

Add Image to Type field

Al Zaabi, M. (Producer), & Bjarnesen, T. (Presenter). (2006, November 7). Diabetes in the elderly [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/hn/talks/

Audiovisual material

Add Producer and Presenter in manually

Add Audio podcast to the Type field.

K. P. Miles (personal communication, August 6, 2008)

or

(L. J. Henderson, personal communication, February 5, 2007)

(Winther, 2009)

Winther (2009) stated that ....

Winther, M. (2009, January 14). The unconscious is spirit [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from http://groups.google.com/group/ alt.psychology.jung/topics?lnk

Web Page

Add Date to Last Update Date field

Add “Online forum comment” to Type of Medium field.

(Reville, 2006)

Reville (2006) stated that ....

Reville, L. (2006, September 5). Where to find fundraising ideas [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://nlrp.blogspot.com/

Blog

Add Month Year to Late Update Date field

Add Web log message to Description field

(Becker, 2017)

Becker (2017) stated that ....

Becker, C. (2017, June 5). Re: This is what a librarian looks like [Web log comment]. Retrieved from: https://librarianbyday.net/2017/06/05/this-is-what-a-librarian-looks-like-2/

Blog

Add Month Year to Late Update Dat" field

Add Web log message to Descriptior field

(Alberta Education, 2009)

Alberta Education (2009) found that ....

Alberta Education, Learning and Teaching Resources Branch. (2009). Cree language and culture: 9-year program guide to implementation, grades 4-5-6 [Monograph]. Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/

Web Page

Add Monograph to Type of Medium field.

(Montgomery, 2009)

Montgomery (2009) stated that ....

Montgomery, J.R. (2009). Using audio books to improve reading and academic performance. Retrieved from ERIC database (ED505947).

(O'Brien, 2017)

O'Brien (2017) has argued ....

O’Brien, B. [Brenna O]. (2017, May 5). NVivo 11 training - full video (5/4/17) - updated [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNo-Qxsp-mk

Online multimedia

Remove (Producer) from reference after converting document to plain text (final step)

(ssiconamed, 2013)

ssiconamed (2013) noted that ....

ssiconamed. (2013, July 5). Tutorial NVivo [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AtFisYXo9k

Online multimedia

Remove (Producer) from reference after converting document to plain text (final step)

(University of Queensland, 2017)

The University of Queensland (2017) found that ....

University of Queensland Library. (2017, October 4). The winners of the 2017 Queensland Literary Awards will be revealed at tonight’s ceremony. Good luck to all shortlisted writers! [Facebook status update]. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/pg/uniofqldlibrary/posts/

Social media

(University of Queensland Library, 2017)

The University of Queensland Library (2017) noted that ....

University of Queensland Library. (2017, October 4). Turtles down by UQ St Lucia Lakes today. Air conditioned library or enjoying the sun and the view - tough choice! [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/uqlibrary/status/915782138905034752

Social media

(The University of Queensland, 2019)

The University of Queensland (2019) showed that.....

Use the author name or official organisation name, rather than Instagram username.

The University of Queensland [@uniofqldlibrary]. (2019, April 3]. Library upgrades in Central Library are progressing well! A new entrance is being built into level 2 of the building. When the space opens later in the year you’ll be able to walk onto a brand new study floor. [Instagram photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.instagram.com/p/BvxvoFQFc5C/

Only include the first 40 words of a caption or title.

Social media

(Wolman, 1989)

In Wolman (1989), it was argued that ....

Wolman, B.B. (Ed.). (1989). Dictionary of behavioral science (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Book

Edited book (if editor used)

(Onwuegbuzie & Mayoh, 2016)

Onwuegbuzie and Mayoh (2016) found that ....

Onwuegbuzie, A. J. & Mayoh, J. (2016). Mixed methods. In H. L. Miller Jr (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of theory in psychology. doi:10.4135/9781483346274.n192

Community. (2009). In J. Scott & G. Marshall (Eds.), A dictionary of sociology (3rd rev. ed.). Retrieved from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199533008.001.0001/acref-9780199533008-e-337?rskey=wDCUCP&result=1&q=community

(Scheinin, 2009)

Scheinin (2009) stated that ....

Scheinin, P. (2009). Using student assessment to improve teaching and educational policy. In M. O'Keefe, E. Webb, & K. Hoad (Eds.), Assessment and student learning: Collecting, interpreting and using data to inform teaching (pp. 12-14). Melbourne, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Research.

(Bowden & Fairley, 1996)

Bowden and Fairley (1996) argued that ....

Bowden, F.J., & Fairley, C.K. (1996, June). Endemic STDs in the Northern Territory: Estimations of effective rates of partner change. Paper presented at the Scientific Meeting of the Royal Australian College of Physicians, Darwin.

Conference proceeding

Add the month in the Date field

(Herculano-Houzel, Wong, Kaas, & Lent, 2008)

Herculano-Houzel, Wong, Kaas, and Lent (2008) mentioned that ....

Herculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., & Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593-12598. doi:10.1073/pnas.0805417105

Electronic article

Include a DOI or web address in the URL as for an online journal article

(Cook, 2002)

Cook (2002) argued that ....

Cook, D. (2002, January 28). All in the mind. The Age, p. 8.

Precede page numbers with p. or pp.

Meeting the needs of counsellors. (2001, May 5). The Courier Mail, p. 22.

(Sinnerton, 2017)

Sinnerton (2017) has found that ....

Sinnerton, J. (2017, September 19). Nutritionists warn conflicting eating advice from social media creates dangerously unhealthy diets. The Courier Mail. Retrieved from http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/nutritionists-warn–conflicting-eating-advice-from-social-media-creates-dangerously-unhealthy-diets/newsstory/c84145728a2963d1e91b0f9b8f1e9fc4

(Lampathakis, 1997)

Lampathakis (1997) has argued that ....

Lampathakis, P. (1997, August 11). Tantrums seen as suicide warning. The West Australian, p. 26. Retrieved from Factiva database.

Newspaper article

Enter Month Date in the Issue field. Enter Database Name in the URL field.

(Marano, 2008)

Marano (2008) noted that ....

Marano, H.E. (2008, March-April). Making of a perfectionist. Psychology Today, 41, 80-86.

(Flora, 2017)

Flora (2017) has found that ....

Flora, C. (2017, September/October). The hardest word. Psychology Today, 50(5). Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201709/the-hardest-word?collection=1105674

Electronic article

Add month to (Year) in reference list after converting to plain text (final step)

(Productivity Commission, 1999)

The Productivity Commission (1999) found that ....

Productivity Commission. (1999). Australia's gambling industries : inquiry report (No. 10). Melbourne, Australia: Productivity Commission.

(Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2011)

The Australian Communications and Media Authority (2011) stated that ....

Australian Communications and Media Authority. (2011). Enduring concepts: communications and media in Australia. Retrieved from http://www.acma.gov.au/-/media/Networks/Information/pdf/Enduring-Concepts-Communications-and-media-in-Australia.pdf

(The Coca-Cola Company, 2017)

The Coca-Cola Company (2017) has found that ....

The Coca-Cola Company. (2017). 2016 sustainability report. Retrieved from http://www.coca-colacompany.com/content/dam/journey/us/en/private/fileassets/pdf/2017/2016-sustainability/2016-Sustainability-Report-The-Coca-Cola-Company.pdf

Report

Include company name website: Web Address in URL field only when it is not listed as the author eg. The Coca-Cola Company website: http://www.coca-colacompany.com

(Gray & Tracey, 2016)

Gray and Tracey (2016) have found that ....

Gray, T. & Tracey, D. (2016). Implementing a trauma informed framework in a disability
non-government organisation: Research report. Retrieved from Centre for
Educational Research, School of Education, Western Sydney University website: https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/__data/assets/file/0010/1168066/GRAY_and_
TRACEY_HWNS–Implementing_a_trauma_informed_framework_in_a_disability_non_government_ organisation_ RESEARCH_REPORT1.pdf.

Report

Include non- government organisation name - website: Web Address - in URL field eg. Western Sydney University website http://www.westernsydney.edu.au

Author(s) - last name, initial(s) - use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of report - italicised (Report Number - if available). Retrieved from Database name: web address.

(Johnson, 2018)

Johnson (2018) argued that ....

Johnson, S. (2018). Document management services in Australia (IBISWorld Industry Report OD5517).
Retrieved from IBISWorld database: http://clients1.ibisworld.com.au.ezproxy.library.uq.edu.au/reports/
au/industry/default.aspx?entid=5517

Report

Add Database name: web address to URL field

Author(s) – organizational/company name - use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of report - italicised (Report Number - if available). Retrieved from Database name: web address

(Euromonitor, 2018)

Euromonitor (2018) reported that ....

Euromonitor. (2018). Footwear in Australia (Country report). Retrieved from Passport database: http://www.portal.euromonitor.com.ezproxy.library.uq.edu.au/ portal/analysis/tab

Report

Add Database name: website address to URL field

(Rahman, 2013)

Rahman (2013) found that ....

Rahman, M. (2013). Using authentic materials in the writing classes: Tertiary level scenario. (Unpublished master's thesis). BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Thesis

Add either Unpublished doctoral dissertation or Unpublished master's thesis to the Degree field

(Axford, 2007)

Axford (2007) found that ....

Axford, J.C. (2007). What constitutes success in Pacific Island community conserved areas? (Doctoral dissertation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia). Retrieved from http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:158747

(Sheehan, 2007)

Sheehan (2007) reported that ....

Sheehan, L. R. (2007). Destination management organizations: A stakeholder perspective (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Proquest Digital Dissertations. (AAT NR25719)

(Pew Hispanic Center, 2004)

The Pew Hispanic Center (2004) reported that ....

Pew Hispanic Center. (2004). Changing channels and crisscrossing cultures: A survey of Latinos on the news media [Data file and code book]. Retrieved from http://pewhispanic.org/datasets/

(Wong & Langevin, 2007)

Wong and Langevin (2007) found that ....

Wong, K. K., & Langevin, W. E. (2007). Policy expansion of school choice in the American states, 1991-2005 [Dataset]. doi:10.3886/ICPSR20427.v1

(Sparkman, 1973)

Sparkman (1973) found that ....

Sparkman, C. F. (1973). An oral history with Dr. Colley F. Sparkman/Interviewer: Orley B. Caudill. Mississippi Oral History Program (Vol. 289), University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg.

(Barnes, 1969)

Barnes (1969) stated that ....

Barnes, E. (1969, September 4). Interview with Eva Barnes - Part 1/Interviewer: Studs Terkel [Real Media file]. Retrieved from http://www.studsterkel.org/dstreet.php

Do not cite individually, because this could compromise confidentiality.

Quote anonymously, for example, “Participant A said”.

(University of Queensland, Student Services, 2000)

The University of Queensland Student Services (2000) reported that ....

University of Queensland, Student Services, Personal Counselling Program. (2000). Eating disorders [Brochure]. Brisbane, Australia: Author.

(Johnson, 2008)

Johnson (2008) mentioned that ....

Johnson, A. (2008). Week three: Foucault [Powerpoint slides]. Unpublished manuscript, BESC1001, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.

List name of city, state and country. Do not include state if listed in university name.

Manuscript

Add [Powerpoint slides] manually

Add Manuscript to Type of Work field

Add course or subject code, Institution Name, Place, Country to the Institution field

(Johnson, 2008)

Johnson (2008) stated that ....

Johnson, A. (2008). Week three: Foucault [Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from BESC1001, University of Queensland Blackboard Online, http://www.elearning.uq.edu.au/

Web Page

Add Slides Title [Powerpoint slides] to the Title field

Add Course or Subject Code, Institution Name Platform: Web Address to URL field

(Smith, 2009)

Smith (2009) showed that ....

Smith, S. (Producer). (2009). Excellence in teaching: Lesson planning [DVD]. Plainview, NY: Sunburst Media.

Audiovisual media

Add DVD to the Type field

(O'Brian, 2017)

O'Brien (2017) demonstrated that ....

O’Brien, B. [Brenna O]. (2017, May 5). NVivo 11 training - full video (5/4/17) - updated [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNo-Qxsp-mk

Online multimedia

Remove (Producer) from reference after converting document to plain text (final step)

(ssiconamed, 2013)

ssiconamed (2013) showed that ....

ssiconamed. (2013, July 5).  Tutorial NVivo [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AtFisYXo9k

Online multimedia

Remove (Producer) from reference after converting document to plain text (final step)

(Bryant, 2001)

Bryant (2001) demonstrated that ....

Bryant, B. (Writer). (2001, September 12). The Bryant medical hour [Television broadcast]. Sydney, Australia: Public Broadcasting Service.

Audiovisual material

In Date field, add Month Date

Add “Television broadcast” to the Type field.

(Writer's last name & Director's last name, Year)

(Rappaport & Dubin, 1983)

Rappaport and Dubin (1983) found that ....

Rappaport, J. (Writer) & Dubin, C. S. (Director). (1983). Say no more [Television series episode]. In B. Metcalfe (Executive producer), M*A*S*H. Los Angeles, California: 20th Century Fox Television.

Book section

Include Writer's name and Director's name in Author field

Note. Adapted [or Reprinted] from “Title of Article,” by Author first name - initial(s). Author - last name and Author first name - initial(s). Author - last name, Year, Title of Journal, Volume, p. xx. Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder.

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Killen, A., & Macaskill, A. (2015). Using a gratitude intervention to enhance well-being in older adults. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(4), 947–964. doi:10.1007/s10902-014-9542-3

Journal article

To ensure the in-text reference does not appear, in Word, insert the in-text citation as usual. Highlight the reference, go to Edit and Management Citations and in the Formatting menu, click on Show Only in Bibliography then on OK.

Note. Adapted [or Reprinted] from Title of Book (any edition or volume information, p. xxx), by Author - first name initial(s). Author - last name and Author - first name initial(s). Author - last name, Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright [year] by Name of Copyright Holder. 

If you are using it in a published work, include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. at the end.

Glaszious, P., Irwig, L., Bain, C., & Colditz, G. (2001). Systematic reviews in health care: A practical guide. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Book

To ensure the in-text reference does not appear, in Word, insert the in-text citation as usual. Highlight the reference, go to Edit and Management Citations and in the Formatting menu, click on Show Only in Bibliography then on OK.

Note. Adapted [or Reprinted] from “Title of Chapter,” by Author first name - initial(s). Author - last name and Author - first name - initial(s). Author - last name, in Editor - first name initial(s). Editor - last name (Ed.), Title of Book (any edition or volume information, p. xxx), Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder.

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Doust, J. (2010). Evidence about diagnosis. In T. Hoffman, S. Bennett, & C. Del Mar (Eds.), Evidence-based practice: Across the health professions (pp. 128-144). Chatswoord, NSW: Elsevier Australia.

Book chapter

To ensure the in-text reference does not appear, in Word, insert the in-text citation as usual. Highlight the reference, go to Edit and Management Citations and in the Formatting menu, click on Show Only in Bibliography then on OK.

Note. Adapted [or Reprinted] from “Title of Web Document,” by Author - first name initial(s). Author - last name and Author - first name initial(s). Author - last name, Year (http://xxxxxx). Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder. 

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2016). Health is not the same for everyone. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/australias-health-2016-in-brief/contents/health-is-not-the-same-for-everyone

Website

To ensure the in-text reference does not appear, in Word, insert the in-text citation as usual. Highlight the reference, go to Edit and Management Citations and in the Formatting menu, click on Show Only in Bibliography then on OK.

Scarlet fever rash picture [Image] (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/dermatlas/scarletfever.html

Audiovisual material

Add Image to Type field

Adapted [or Reprinted] from “Title of Article,” by Author first name - initial(s). Author - last name and Author - first name - initial(s). Author - last name, Year, Title of Journal, Volume, p. xx. Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder.

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Mäkikangas, M., Schaufeli, W., Leskinen, E., Kinnunen, U., Hyvönen, K. and Feldt, T. (2016). Long-term development of employee well-being: A latent transition approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(6), 2325–2345. doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9696-7

Journal article

To ensure the in-text reference does not appear, in Word, insert the in-text citation as usual. Highlight the reference, go to Edit and Management Citations and in the Formatting menu, click on Show Only in Bibliography then on OK.

Adapted [or Reprinted] from Title of Book (any edition or volume information, p. xxx), by Author first name - initial(s). Author - last name and Author - first name initial(s). Author - last name, Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder. 

If you are using it in a published work, include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. at the end.

Glaszious, P., Irwig, L., Bain, C., & Colditz, G. (2001). Systematic reviews in health care: A practical guide. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Book

To ensure the in-text reference does not appear, in Word, insert the in-text citation as usual. Highlight the reference, go to Edit and Management Citations and in the Formatting menu, click on Show Only in Bibliography then on OK.

Adapted [or Reprinted] from “Title of Chapter,” by Author first name - initial(s). Author - last name and Author - first name - initial(s). Author - last name, in Editor - first name initial(s). Editor - last name (Ed.), Title of Book (any edition or volume information, p. xxx), Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder.

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Doust, J. (2010). Evidence about diagnosis. In T. Hoffman, S. Bennett, & C. Del Mar (Eds.), Evidence-based practice across the health professions (pp. 128-144). Chatswoord, NSW, Australia: Elsevier Australia.

Book chapter

To ensure the in-text reference does not appear, in Word, insert the in-text citation as usual. Highlight the reference, go to Edit and Management Citations and in the Formatting menu, click on Show Only in Bibliography then on OK.

Adapted [or Reprinted] from “Title of Web Document,” by Author first name - initial(s). Author - last name and Author - first name - initial(s). Author - last name, Year (http://xxxxxx). Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder. 

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2016). Health is not the same for everyone. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/australias-health-2016-in-brief/contents/health-is-not-the-same-for-everyone

Website

To ensure the in-text reference does not appear, in Word, insert the in-text citation as usual. Highlight the reference, go to Edit and Management Citations and in the Formatting menu, click on Show Only in Bibliography then on OK.

(Major Events Act 2014 (Qld) s. 3)

Major Events Act 2014 (Qld) states that ....

EndNote: In Edit & Manage Citations, choose Exclude Year in Formatting. Then in Suffix field, type space (Qld) and OK.

Major Events Act 2014 (Qld). Retrieved from https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/inforce/current/act-2014-060

Electronic Book

Add Act title Year to Title field

Add Jurisdiction abbreviation to Year field

Healthy Futures Commission Queensland Bill 2017 (Qld) s. 23

As found in the Healthy Futures Commission Queensland Bill (2017, s. 23) .....

EndNote: In Edit & Manage Citations, add comma space s. 23 in Suffix box. Convert to Plain Text as last step. Edit in-text reference to remove quotation marks and add brackets around jurisdiction.

Healthy Futures Commission Queensland Bill 2017 (Qld) s. 23. Retrieved from https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/bill.first/bill-2017-007

Web page

Add jurisdiction abbreviation to Year field

Add section to Edition field

(Commonwealth, 2010)

Go to "dit and Management Citations in Word and add , Year to Suffix text box

Commonwealth. Parliamentary debates. Senate. 2 February 2010. 1. Retrieved from http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/chamber/hansards/2010-02-02/toc_pdf/7347-8.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%222010s%202010%22

Unpublished work.

Add Chamber to Department field

Add Day Month Year to Date field

Add Volume number to Place Published field

Case name - italicised (Year) Volume Law Report Abbreviation Starting Page Number. Retrieved from http://xxx.xxxxx

(Montevento Holdings Pty Ltd v Scaffidi, 2012)

As found in Montevento Holdings Pty Ltd v Scaffidi (2012)...

Montevento Holdings Pty Ltd v Scaffidi (2012) 246 CLR 325. Retrieved from https://www-westlaw-com-au.ezproxy.library.uq.edu.au/

Web page

Add Volume Law Report Abbreviation Starting Page Number to Edition field

When document finalised, convert to plain text and italicise title

Case name - italicised [Year] Volume Law Report Abbreviation Starting Page Number. Retrieved from http://xxx.xxxxx

(Nothdurft & Anor v QGC Pty Limited & Ors, 2017)

As found in Nothdurft & Anor v QGC Pty Limited & Ors (2017)....

Nothdurft & Anor v QGC Pty Limited & Ors [2017] QLC 41. Retrieved from http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/qld/QLC/2017/41.pdf

Web page

Add Volume Law Report Abbreviation Starting Page Number to "Edition" field

When document finalised, convert to plain text and italicise title. Also change Year brackets to square [ ].

(Australian Patent No. 2013296123, 2014)

Australian Patent No. 2013296123 (2014)

The patent title is not included.

Book

Add inventor name to Author.

Add patent number to Title, including country name.

Add official source of patent to Publisher.

(Standards Australia, 2016)

Standards Australia (2016)

Standards Australia. (1989). Electrical equipment for coal mines - Insulating materials - Materials for insulating power conducting components (AS 1147.1-1989). Retrieved from SAI Global.

Government report

Add standard number into Report Number field, not Title field.

If using database name, add to URL field.

(Standards Australia, 1983)

Standards Australia (1983)

Standards Australia. (1983). Australian standard for sensory analysis of foods. Part 2, Specific methods. Triangle tests (AS 2542.2.2-1983). North Ryde, N.S.W.: Standards Association of Australia.

Government report

Add standard number into Report Number field, not Title field.

First instance

(International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2005)

OR

International Organization for Standardization (ISO, 2005).

Subsequent citations

(ISO, 2005)

OR

ISO (2005)

International Organisation for Standardization. (2005). Food safety management systems — Requirements for any organization in the food chain (ISO Standard No. 22000:2005). Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:22000:ed-1:v1:en

Do not use organisation acronym in reference list

Web Page

Add standard title to "Series Title" field.

Add (Standard No standard number information) to the "Edition" field

For in-text reference:

Insert citation. Use Edit & Manage Citations to Exclude Autho". In Prefix field, add organisation acronym comma space. Do this step for each instance of reference except first.

J. T. Lewis (personal communication, May 14, 2018)

(K. Taylor, personal communication, March 17, 2009)

(Zachary, 2018)

Zachary (2018) has argued that ....

Zachary, K. C. (2018). Treatment of seasonal influenza in adults. In M. S. Hirsch & A. R. Thorner (Eds.), UpToDate. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www-uptodate-com.ezp3.library.uq.edu.au/contents/treatment-of-seasonal-influenza-in-adults

Electronic book section

Convert to Plain Text as last step. Edit reference list entry to italicise UpToDate. Add 

(Shaw, O’Rourke, Del Mar, & Kenardy, 2005)

Shaw, O’Rourke, Del Mar, and Kenardy (2005) stated that ....

Shaw, K., O'Rourke, P., Del Mar, C., & Kenardy, J. (2005). Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005(2), 1-75. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003818.pub2

(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2016)

The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2016) has found that ....

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2016). Australia's health 2016. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/9844cefb-7745-4dd8-9ee2-f4d1c3d6a727/19787-AH16.pdf.aspx?inline=true

Report

If a group author, include comma at end eg. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare,

(Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2018)

The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (2018) states that ....

Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2018). Code of conduct for nurses.  Retrieved from http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx.

Report

If a corporate author(s) is used, include comma at end eg. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia,

Title of entry. (Year - use n.d. if no year available). In Title of work - italicised. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx

Allergy. (2018). In Australian Medicines Handbook. Retrieved from https://amhonline-amh-net-au.ezproxy.library.uq.edu.au/chapters/allergy-anaphylaxis/allergy?menu=vertical. 

Electronic book 

Add Title of entry into Author field.

Title of entry. (Year - use n.d. if no year available). In Title of work - italicised. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx

Aspirin tablets. (2018). In British Pharmacopoeia Online. Retrieved from https://www-pharmacopoeia-com.ezproxy.library.uq.edu.au/monographs/Aspirin-tablets.pdf

Electronic book 

Add Title of entry into Author field.

Title of entry. (Year - use n.d. if no year available). In Title of work - italicised. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx

Principles of appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. (2015). In Electronic Therapeutic Guidelines Complete. Retrieved from https://tgldcdp-tg-org-au.ezproxy.library.uq.edu.au/viewTopic?topicfile=antimicrobial-use-principles#toc_d1e123

Electronic book 

Add Title of entry into Author field. Place a comma after the title entry.

Title of entry. (Year - use n.d. if no year available). In Title of work - italicised. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx

Betamin. (2018). In MIMS Online. https://www-mimsonline-com-au.ezproxy.library.uq.edu.au/Search/ShowPDF.aspx?xmlDoc=02183.xml&XSLKey=PIxsl_pdf&PathKey=AbbrevPIxmlPath

Electronic book 

Add Title of entry into Author field.

Author - last name, initial(s) or corporate name. (Year, Month Day). Title - in itialics [Press release]. Retrieved from http://xxx.xxxxxx

Office of Fair Trading. (2018, August 17). Community groups key to seniors staying engaged [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.qld.gov.au/law/laws-regulated-industries-and-accountability/queensland-laws-and-regulations/fair-trading-services-programs-and-resources/fair-trading-latest-news/media-statements/community-groups-key-to-seniors-staying-engaged

Press release

When document finalised, convert to plain text and italicise title

(Guimard & Florin, 2007)

Guimard and Florin (2007) argued that ....

Guimard, P, & Florin, A. (2007). Les evaluations des enseignants en grande section de maternelle sont-elles predictives des difficultes de lecture au cours preparatoire? [Are teacher ratings in kindergarten predictive of reading difficulties in first grade?]. Approche Neuropsychologique des Apprentissages chez l'Enfant, 19, 5-17.

(Le Heuzey, 2012)

Le Heuzey (2012) stated that ....

Le Heuzey, M.-F. (2012). Les réseaux sociaux, les enfants et le pédiatre [Social media, children and pediatricians]. Archives de Pédiatrie, 19, 92-95. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.10.016

(Najm, 1966)

Najm (1966) stated that ....

Najm, Y. (1966). Al-qissah fi al-adab Al-Arabi al-hadith [The novel in modern Arabic literature]. Beirut: Dar Al-Thaqafah.